沙特王国社会转型中的精英集团研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 13:33

本文选题：沙特王国　切入点：社会转型　出处：《西北大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：沙特阿拉伯王国是伊斯兰大国,素有“伊斯兰盟主”之称,并对地区和国际事务构成重要影响。第二次世界大战以来,沙特王国经历了从传统游牧国度向现代石油工业国的“质变”。伴随石油繁荣和现代化进程的深入,沙特社会也在发生着由单一结构向多元化转型的相应变化。其集中体现是沙特社会中出现了一系列新兴的社会阶层与精英集团,他们在沙特经济建设和社会发展中发挥着超常作用,成为推动沙特社会物质文明和政治变革的动力。毋庸置疑,在沙特王国社会转型过程中,各精英集团发挥着关键作用,它们推动或制约着沙特社会转型的进程,而社会转型也在深刻影响着沙特精英集团的发展演变,两者密切相关,相辅相成。从某种程度上说,沙特王国的社会和政治发展以及现代化进程主要取决于精英集团的行为决策。因此,对沙特精英集团的研究也是深入探讨沙特王国社会转型的有效切入点。 “精英”是一个传统的政治学和社会学概念,人们一般所指的与政治相关的“精英阶层”主要是指那些掌握社会权力、能够直接或间接影响国家政策、左右政局的政界商界头面人物以及由这些人所组成的社会群体。本文所研究的范围界定在沙特社会转型中参与政治决策或与政治相关的各个精英集团。本文试图对社会转型中的沙特王国精英集团进行全面和系统的研究与探讨。这种研究与探讨依次从精英集团的形成到分类,再到行为变化和结构特征,最后聚焦于精英集团内在的各种互动关系,及其对沙特社会和王权政治发展所产生的正负效应。由此勾勒和归纳精英集团嬗变与王权政治演进的基本规律和主要特点。这对于研究沙特王国复杂的政治现象和展望王权政治未来发展方向具有现实意义和理论意义,也为观察沙特社会的变革进程提供一个新的视角。全文共分为六大部分。绪论部分主要介绍本文选题背景和意义,国内外学术界关于沙特王国精英问题研究现状,最后阐述了研究框架、主要内容及创新之处等。第一章介绍和阐释西方学者提出的相关精英研究的各种理论,批判性地筛选和设定适用于沙特精英研究的理论基础,同时设计了三个同心环的圈层模型,作为研究沙特精英集团问题的基本框架。第二章论述沙特王国精英集团产生的前提条件和时代背景,在此基础上,探讨其萌生和形成的历史轨迹,以及引起嬗变的各种内外因素和主要特点。第三章对沙特精英集团从时空上予以划分和分期研究。它以石油工业的崛起为分界线：此前,王国传统精英集团包括王室家族、宗教精英和部落精英；20世纪70年代以来,新兴精英集团脱颖而出,主要涉及商界精英、专家治国者和新伊斯兰义者。各精英集团伴随石油繁荣和社会转型,不断发展壮大,并开始走上王国的政治舞台。第四章探讨沙特王国各精英集团之间内在的各种互动关系,剖析沙特王国在社会和政治发展以及现代化进程中,各精英集团在不同时期扮演角色的变化,以及各自发挥的重要作用。同时又从不同层面对精英集团进行了多维度的比较研究。第五章根据精英集团的结构特征、流变形态和价值取向等要素,客观解读和诠释了沙特王国精英集团演变的主要特征和规律,及其面临的问题。分析了精英集团面临的挑战和选择。第六章对沙特家族统治、王位继承、各精英集团的政治影响及王权政治的现状与未来进行了总结和展望。通过对沙特不同精英集团的研究和分析,可以看出,沙特王国借助石油繁荣,在短短的几十年内,将一个传统的游牧国度迅速转变为现代化的石油工业国。但是,沙特的社会转型主要是通过被称为“地租性收入”的巨额石油美元换来的,并非出自王国社会内在累进的自发过程,它既没有经历原始而艰难的创业积累,也不是自身工业发展到一定阶段的必然产物。沙特至今尚未形成能够真正代表先进生产力的社会群体。从整体上看,虽然沙特国民享受着超前的现代物质文明,但其意识形态和价值取向并未摆脱沙特固有的宗教地域特征和根深蒂固的阿拉伯部族传统的束缚。沙特国民心之深处依然崇尚安拉、血统、部落和权威,沙特的王权在某种意义上讲,也是同这些因素契合或相通的。沙特的具体国情使王国不同时期形成的精英集团具有明显的局限性和脆弱性,沙特王国在本质上依然是一个家族占有国家资源,精英集团主导王权政治的典型案例。故此,沙特王权未来的发展演变仍然会竭力延续其原有的传统与保守性,但这并不意味着拘泥于或固化于现有的政治体系。相反,为了确保王权的长治久安,它需要随着时光的流逝,不断地被注入新鲜血液和新的活力,而实现这一目标的最好途径就是变革。沙特王权仍将以缓慢、渐进的方式推进王权政治的改良与发展。
[Abstract]:The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country, known as the "Islamic leader", and constitute an important influence on regional and international affairs. Since the Second World War, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia has evolved from the traditional nomadic nation to modern petroleum industry's "qualitative". With the oil boom and the development of the modernization, the Saudi society also happened in the corresponding change the transformation from a single structure to diversified. Its reflection is the emergence of a series of new social strata and the elite group in Saudi society, they play a role in the extraordinary economic construction and social development, become a driving force for Saudi society material civilization and political change. There is no doubt that the social transition process in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the elite group plays a key role, they promote or restrict the Saudi social transformation process, but also a profound impact on social transformation in Saudi Arabia The development of elite group evolution, the two are closely related to each other. To some extent, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia's social and political development and modernization process mainly depends on the elite group decision-making. Therefore, the research on the Saudi elite group also discussed effective breakthrough point of social transformation. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
"Elite" is a traditional concept of politics and sociology, people generally refers to the political related "elite" mainly refers to those mastering social power, can directly or indirectly affect the national policy about political and business circles and the protagonist is composed of these people to define the scope of the community. Study on the participation in political decision-making in the social transformation and political or other related elite group.
This paper attempts to make a comprehensive and systematic research and Discussion on the social transformation in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia elite group. This research and discussion from the formation of the elite group to turn to the classification, behavior change and structure characteristics, finally focusing on various interactions between the elite group within the positive and negative effects and social and political development of the Saudi monarchy generated the outline and induction. This elite group of evolution and the basic rules of kingship political evolution and main features. The political phenomenon of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia complex and prospects the future development direction of kingship is of practical significance and theoretical significance, but also provide a new perspective for the observation of Saudi society reform. The thesis is divided into six most of the time.
The introduction mainly introduces the background and significance of this topic, and the current research situation of the elite in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Finally, it expounds the research framework, main contents and innovations.
In the first chapter, we introduce and explain various theories of elite research put forward by western scholars, critically select and set up the theoretical basis for the study of Saudi elite, and design three circle models of concentric rings as the basic framework for the study of Saudi elite group.
The second chapter discusses the prerequisites and background of the emergence of the elite group in Saudi Arabia. On this basis, we discuss the historical track of its initiation and formation, as well as the various internal and external factors and main characteristics of the evolution.
The third chapter of the Saudi elite group from the time to study its classification and staging. The rise of the oil industry as the dividing line: previously, the kingdom of the traditional elite group including the royal family, religious and tribal elite elite; since 1970s, emerging elite talent shows itself mainly relates to the business elite, experts in the country and the new Islamic justice. The elite group with the oil boom and the social transformation, development, and embarked on the Kingdom's political arena.
The interactive relationship between the fourth chapter of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia the elite group, analysis of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the social and political development and modernization process, the role of the elite group in different periods, and play their important roles. At the same time from different levels of elite group were studied in various dimensions.
The fifth chapter objectively interprets and interprets the main characteristics and rules of the evolution of the elite group in the light of the structural characteristics, rheological form and value orientation of the elite group, and analyzes the challenges and choices faced by the elite group.
The sixth chapter makes a summary and Prospect of the rule of the Saudi family, the succession of the throne, the political influence of the elite groups and the status and future of the political power of the royal power.
Through the research and analysis of different Saudi elite group can be seen, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia with oil boom in decades, a traditional nomadic nation will quickly turn into modern petroleum industry in China. However, the social transformation is mainly by Saudi Arabia called "rent income" of the huge oil dollar in return, not from the kingdom of society progressive spontaneous process, it is not the original experience and hard entrepreneurial accumulation, not their own industrial development to a certain stage of the inevitable outcome. Saudi Arabia has not yet formed can really represent the advanced productive forces and social groups. On the whole, although Saudi nationals enjoy the modern material civilization advance the shackles of religious geographical features and ingrained but its ideology and value orientation, the Arabia did not get rid of Saudi Arabia inherent tribal tradition. The Saudi national heart deeply The office still advocates Allah, lineage, tribe and authority, and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is in a sense consistent with or interlinked with these factors.
Specific conditions to form the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in different periods of the elite group has obvious limitations and vulnerability, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in essence is still a family share of national resources, a typical case of elite group of leading Royal Politics. Therefore, the Saudi monarchy future development will still continue to change the original traditional and conservative. But this does not mean that stick to the existing political system or in the curing. On the contrary, in order to ensure the kingship it needs long period of stability, with the passage of time, is constantly inject fresh blood and new vitality, and the best way to achieve this goal is to change. The Saudi kingship will continue to slow, gradual manner the improvement and development of kingship.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K384.52

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