中世纪英格兰道路网的形成和维护

发布时间：2018-03-16 13:52

本文选题：中世纪　切入点：英格兰　出处：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2012年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中世纪英格兰交通史研究经历了一个从"遮蔽"到"解蔽"的过程。已有的研究表明,14世纪时英格兰已形成以伦敦为轴心的道路网。道路网的维护是在"王之和平"的法律框架下进行的,这种维护机制体现了中央政府、地方政府和民间社会之间的良性互动。王权的强制性以及王权的仪式化功能(如鼓励慈善捐款、授权成立社团、颁布通行税授权令)起着监督引导作用。地方政府和民间社会则通过承担强制性维护义务、慈善捐助以及征收通行税三种维护方式发挥着主体作用。这种"中世纪式"的维护方式体现了王权的有限性,在很大程度上有赖于地方社会的慈善举措、共同体意识以及首创精神。上述维护方式适应了中世纪英格兰商品经济虽有发展但还毕竟有限的现实,也保证了中世纪英格兰道路通行维持在一个较好的然而也是较为脆弱的水平。
[Abstract]:The study of traffic history in medieval England experienced a process from "masking" to "uncovering". Previous studies have shown that by the 14th century England had formed a road network with London as its axis. The maintenance of road network was based on the sum of kings. Under the legal framework of "equality", This maintenance mechanism reflects the benign interaction between the central government, local governments and civil society. Wang Quan's compulsion, as well as the ritualized functions of Wang Quan (such as encouraging charitable donations, authorizing the establishment of associations, etc.), Local governments and civil society through compulsory maintenance obligations, Charity donations and tax collection play a major role. This "medieval" style of maintenance reflects Wang Quan's limitation and largely depends on the local community's charitable initiatives. The sense of community and the spirit of initiative. These methods of maintenance adapted to the fact that the commodity economy of medieval England had developed, but after all, it was still limited. It also ensured a better but more fragile level of road traffic in medieval England.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部社会科学基金青年项目“中古英格兰交通、经济和社会(1150-1500)”(10YJC770073) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“欧亚社会转型比较研究”(1200020405222)
【分类号】：F299.561;K561.3

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