殖民统治时期马来亚的土地制度

发布时间：2018-03-17 23:13

本文选题：马来亚　切入点：殖民统治时期　出处：《云南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在英国入侵马来亚内部之前,马来亚是处于封建分封统治之下。尽管葡萄牙于16世纪初就占领了马六甲城,但直至19世纪70年代中叶之前,马来亚的社会结构基本是稳定的。15世纪初到19世纪末,马来亚土地名义上的最高所有者是苏丹、严端或罗阁。土侯从苏丹手中获得封地,这些封建主在自己的封区内操持行政、经济、司法大权,是该地的全权统治者。土侯又把土地分封给较小的封建主。苏丹和土侯都以甘榜(村社)统治为基础。在苏丹把土地封赐给土侯时,土地的自主权也就转移到土侯的手中,土侯就有权向境内的农民征收产品的十分之一作为地租。马来耕作者并不关心谁拥有对土地的最原始与最高的权利,占有权对于他们来说才是真正重要的。而以土地私有权为基础的、以租佃关系为特征的地主土地所有制是在19世纪末20世纪初才真正形成。占领马来亚的九个土邦之后,由于马来亚特殊的传统土地占有习惯,苏丹、严端或罗阁仍然是土地名义上的最高占有者,但实际上一切与土地出租相关的问题完全是由殖民当局所决定的。掠夺大量土地,宣布为英国皇家所有；且把征收农业税的权利收归殖民政府,强迫马来亚农民为他们承担一系列的义务。随着资本主义关系的进一步发展,种植园经济在马来亚的土地制度中产生了重要影响。这不仅对当时的马来社会造成了负面的影响,而且这种土地制度的影响至今还没有消除。本文以殖民统治时期的土地制度为主线,对马来亚土地制度的形成、演变、特点进行较为深入的探讨。
[Abstract]:Before the British invasion of Malaya, Malaya was under feudal enfeoffment. Although Portugal occupied the city of Malacca at the beginning of 16th century, it was not until the middle of 1870s, The social structure of Malaya was basically stable. From the beginning of the 15th century to the end of 19th century, the nominal supreme owner of Malayan land was Sudan, Yan Duan or Roku. The economy, the judicial power, is the sole ruler of the land. The land is also distributed to smaller feudal masters. Both Sudan and Turkey are based on the rule of Kampang (village community). When the Sudan granted the land to the soil, The autonomy of the land was transferred to the hands of the duhou, who had the right to collect 1/10 of the products from the peasants in the land as rent. The Malay writers did not care who had the most original and highest rights to the land. Possession was what really mattered to them. And the landlords' ownership of land, based on private land ownership and characterized by tenancy relations, came into being in late 19th century and early 20th century. After the occupation of the nine states of Malaya, As a result of Malayan's special traditional land occupation customs, Sudan, Yan Duan or Rogue are still nominally the highest occupants of land, but in reality all problems related to land rental are entirely decided by the colonial authorities... Plunder a large amount of land. Declared to be the Crown of England and relegated to the colonial government the right to levy agricultural taxes, forcing Malayan farmers to take on a series of obligations for them. The plantation economy had an important impact on Malaya's land system, which not only had a negative impact on Malay society at that time, And the influence of this kind of land system has not been eliminated up to now. This article takes the land system of colonial rule as the main line, discusses the formation, evolution and characteristic of Malaya land system deeply.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K338.4;F301.1

【参考文献】