日本阳明学在幕藩体制瓦解中的作用

发布时间：2018-03-20 13:32

本文选题：日本阳明学　切入点：幕藩体制瓦解　出处：《宁波大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自中日两国进行文化交流以来，中国的儒家思想就开始对日本产生影响。但儒家思想中真正对日本社会引起变革影响作用的，还是在日本封建幕藩体制中产生瓦解冲击作用的以尊重人性、注重实践及平等学说为基础的阳明学。在江户时代，日本封建幕藩体制建立，中央集权制成为其核心，商品经济也有了进一步发展。但是在“士农工商”这一封建身分等级制度之下，日本的经济发展受到了极大的阻碍。尤其在江户后半期，这种限制日益加剧。在这种特殊的历史环境下，不同于中国被废弃的事实，日本阳明学在日本被活用，被武士及普通民众所接受，成为具有日本特色的提倡理论和实践结合统一的阳明学。日本阳明学的尊重人性、提倡平等的学说挑战了传统的封建身分制度，不仅从理论上，还在制度上反对封建思想，，给商业发展提供了理论支持，并给封建幕藩体制带来了极大的冲击。在政治制度方面，日本阳明学严重冲击了幕藩体制，与此同时，也给予了民众运动和革新运动以理论支持。并培育了众多阳明学者及实业家，他们在封建幕藩体制瓦解过程中起了非常重要的指导作用。在江户后半期，封建幕藩体制的弊端依次呈现，国内民众运动风起云涌，来自国外的威胁也日益增强。在这内忧外患的情势下，阳明学提供了强有力的理论支持，其革命性、实践性及平等思想深入人心，直接冲击了腐朽至极的封建幕藩统治。幕末时期，日本阳明学者在阳明思想的基础之上，结合日本现状提出了更加切合实际的革新思想，并将其转化成了实践行动，进一步促进了幕藩体制的瓦解。本文大体上分四部分来探讨江户后期日本阳明学对幕藩体制瓦解所起到的促进作用。第一部分简要介绍了阳明学在日本的兴起、发展及转变，简述其特色。第二部分以石田梅岩的思想为例来阐述阳明学对封建身分制度的冲击。第三部分列举了大盐平八郎、吉田松阴和西乡隆盛的生涯及主要事迹，以此为例来分析阳明学对日本学者、革命家的影响。第四部分以“大盐之乱”为例，依次列举变革运动的展开过程，从而更加完整地阐述日本阳明学对幕藩体制瓦解所起的促进作用。
[Abstract]:Since the cultural exchanges between China and Japan, Confucianism in China has begun to have an impact on Japan. Yangming School, based on respecting human nature, paying attention to practice and equality theory, was also the one that had the function of disintegration and impact in the Japanese feudal curtain vassal system. In the Edo era, the Japanese feudal curtain vassal system was established, the centralization of power was made as its core, and the commodity economy developed further. But under the feudal status hierarchy of "Shih-nong, industry and commerce," Japan's economic development has been greatly hindered. Especially in the second half of the Edo period, this restriction has become increasingly severe. In this special historical environment, unlike the fact that China has been abandoned, Japanese Yangmingology is used alive in Japan. Accepted by samurai and ordinary people, it has become a Yangming school with Japanese characteristics which advocates the combination of theory and practice. Japanese Yangming's theory of respecting human nature and advocating equality has challenged the traditional feudal identity system, not only in theory, but also in theory. It also opposed the feudal thought in the system, provided the theory support to the commercial development, and brought the great impact to the feudal curtain-vassal system. In terms of political system, the Japanese Yangming School seriously impacted the curtain vassal system, at the same time, it gave theoretical support to the mass movement and the reform movement, and nurtured many Yangming scholars and industrialists. They played a very important guiding role in the disintegration of the feudal curtain vassal system. In the second half of the Edo period, the drawbacks of the feudal curtain vassal system appeared successively, and the domestic mass movement was surging. The threat from abroad is also increasing. In this situation of internal and external troubles, Yangming has provided strong theoretical support. Its revolutionary, practical and equal ideas are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. At the end of the curtain period, Japanese Yangming scholars, on the basis of Yangming's thought, put forward a more practical innovation thought, and transformed it into practical action. It further promoted the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. This paper is divided into four parts to discuss the promoting effect of Japanese Yangmingism on the disintegration of Tupan system in the later period of Edo. The first part briefly introduces the rise, development and transformation of Yangmingism in Japan. The second part takes Shitian Meiyan's thought as an example to explain the impact of Yangming school on the feudal identity system. The third part enumerates the career and main deeds of Da Yan Ping Ba Lang, Yoshida Matsuyin and Xixiang Longsheng. Take this as an example to analyze the influence of Yangming on Japanese scholars and revolutionaries. Part 4th, taking "the chaos of Big Salt" as an example, enumerates in turn the unfolding process of the reform movement. Therefore, the role of Japanese Yangming in promoting the collapse of the curtain-vassal system is explained more completely.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K313.3

【共引文献】