羊毛与酒—13世纪英格兰南部贸易中的两翼格局

发布时间：2018-03-21 05:52

本文选题：英格兰　切入点：13世纪　出处：《河南大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 13世纪初,英国南部对外贸易格局出现重大变化,由原来的整体贸易呈现出向东南、西南两个方向发展的态势,即本文所述之两翼贸易格局。东南以佛兰德斯为核心,经香槟、莱茵兰两条路线通向阿尔卑斯山以南地区;西南以加斯科尼为核心,囊括法国南部和伊比利亚北部,并穿过比斯开—利翁地峡通往地中海地区。东南贸易路线的贸易以羊毛和布为主,同时包含其它一些商品;西南贸易路线则以葡萄酒为大宗贸易商品。两翼贸易格局在13世纪最初的十几年中形成,跨越几乎整个13世纪。不过,到该世纪末,两翼贸易格局出现新的变化,西线开始抛弃比斯开—利翁地峡,转而绕道直布罗陀海峡从海路直达地中海;东线则逐渐撇开传统的香槟路线,转而走东边的莱茵路线。这样,到14世纪初两翼贸易格局最终转变为布罗代尔圆圈。两翼贸易格局的影响最明显不过:英国从中受益很大,为英国在14世纪走向强大奠定了基础;法国在商业上开始落后于英格兰,由百年战争初期法国的惨败可见一斑。本文分为四个部分: 第一部分,论述两翼贸易格局形成之前的贸易格局以及两翼贸易格局的形成。第二、三部分,分别论述西南、东南两条贸易路线的具体内容及特点。第四部分,论述13世纪末至14世纪初,两翼贸易格局的演变、发展。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of 13th century, the foreign trade pattern in the south of Britain changed greatly, and the former overall trade showed a trend of development to the southeast and southwest, that is, the two-wing trade pattern described in this paper. In the southeast, Flanders is the core, and Champagne is the core. Two routes from Rhineland to the south of the Alps; in the south-west, with Gasconi as the core, it covers southern France and northern Iberia. The southeastern trade route is dominated by wool and cloth and includes some other commodities, while the southwestern trade route is wine as a major trade commodity. The two-wing trade pattern was formed in the first ten years of 13th century, spanning almost the whole of 13th century. However, by the end of the century, new changes had taken place in the trade pattern of the two wings, and the western line began to abandon Bisca-Liondixia. Instead of crossing the Strait of Gibraltar from the sea to the Mediterranean, the eastern route gradually shifted away from the traditional Champagne route to the eastern Rhine route. By early 14th century, the trade pattern between the two wings had finally changed into a Baudell circle. The impact of the two-wing trade pattern was most evident: Britain benefited greatly, laying the foundation for Britain to become strong in 14th century, and France began to lag behind England commercially, as evidenced by the tragic defeat of France in the early years of the Centenary War. This paper is divided into four parts:. The first part discusses the trade pattern before the formation of the two wings trade pattern and the formation of the two wings trade pattern. The second and third parts respectively discuss the concrete contents and characteristics of two trade routes: southwest and southeast. Part 4th discusses the evolution and development of the two-wing trade pattern from the end of 13th century to the beginning of 14th century.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561.4

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