从“审判老皮索的元老院法令”看罗马元首制初期的政治文化

发布时间：2018-03-22 02:27

本文选题：“审判老皮索的元老院法令”　切入点：罗马元首制初期　出处：《复旦大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在当今罗马史的研究中,铭文的重要性已经被越来越多的学者所认识到。本文旨在以新发现的公元20年罗马“审判老皮索的元老院法令”铭文为出发点,考察元首制初期罗马国家的政治文化特征,以作为对罗纳德·赛姆所谓“罗马革命”命题讨论的延续。本文将围绕着对“法令”中所涉及的两大家族——皮索家族与奥古斯都家族——相互之间的比较,揭示自奥古斯都晚年至提比略统治初期,罗马从个人统治过渡到家族统治的演进过程。在第一章中,笔者将对“审判皮索法令”铭文的性质做一基本判断。通过将“法令”同塔西佗《编年史》中的相关记载进行对照,我们有理由认为,“法令”不只是一份单纯的司法判决,而是以提比略与元老院为首的罗马官方对由元首继承人日耳曼尼库斯之死所引发的一系列政治危机的应对,是为一份政治文件。“法令”中浓厚的修辞色彩与说教意味旨在规训元首制下人们的道德规范与行为准则。第二章透过对皮索的“除名”惩罚关注元首制下元老贵族的命运。在梳理罗马“除名”历史与挖掘贵族“名誉”文化内涵的基础上,笔者意图说明,对皮索的惩罚展现了一个人的身后之名在多大程度上取决于他的家庭的现实需要。贵族家庭在创造、维护和控制家庭成员公共记忆中的主动角色得到了官方的充分认可。这也意味着他们未来仍能够在罗马的政治舞台上发挥影响力。被罪个人与家庭境遇的两重天其实是长久以来形成的一种贵族阶层自我保护机制的结果,它显示了元首制下传统贵族政治文化的顽强生命力。第三章追溯元首制初期一个凌驾于其他所有贵族家庭之上的统治家族的形成过程。笔者将利用人类学对罗马家庭制度的研究成果,展现奥古斯都如何创造性地利用了罗马人对亲缘关系的建构机制以及贵族家庭的从政传统缔造出了个独一无二的“奥古斯都家族”；这一时期,它在包括“审判皮索法令”在内的官方话语、形象与仪式领域的大规模呈现,皆以奥古斯都家族成员非凡的德性及其作为一个整体对罗马国家统治的历史使命为主题,由此也奠定了元首统治延续的观念基础；反之,一个“统治家族”的出现也打破了寡头政制下权力分享与荣誉竞争的游戏规则。尤其是,这个家族的女性成员开始突破罗马妇女传统的家庭角色和私人畛域,甚至可以获得独立的政治影响力。这些无不反映出,“奥古斯都家族”的出现给家国关系所带来的深远变化和影响。从以上三个方面的分析中,我们可以看到,传统贵族政治文化的延续与以“奥古斯都家族”为核心的新的共识政治的形成几乎是同样引人注目的。
[Abstract]:In the study of Roman history today, the importance of inscriptions has been recognized by more and more scholars. Examining the political and cultural characteristics of Roman countries in the early days of the head of state, As a continuation of the discussion of Ronald Syme's so-called "Roman Revolution," this paper will focus on a comparison between the two families involved in the Act, the Peso family and the Augustus family. From the later years of Augustus to the early days of Tiberius, the evolution of Roman rule from individual rule to family rule was revealed. In the first chapter, the author will make a basic judgment on the nature of the inscription on the judgment of the Pissot, by contrasting it with the relevant records in the Chronicle of Tacitus. We have reason to believe that the decree is not just a judicial decision, but rather the response of Roman officials, led by Tiberius and the Senate, to a series of political crises caused by the death of the Fuehrer's successor, Germanicus. It is a political document. The strong rhetoric and preaching meaning in the decree is aimed at disciplining people's moral norms and codes of conduct under the system of heads of state. The second chapter focuses on the fate of the patriarchal aristocracy under the Fuehrer system through the punishment of "delisting" of Pisso. On the basis of combing the history of "delisting" in Rome and excavating the cultural connotation of aristocratic "reputation", the author intends to explain. The punishment of Pesso shows how much a man's name depends on the real needs of his family. The aristocratic family is creating, The active role of maintaining and controlling the public memory of family members is fully recognized by the authorities. This also means that they will still be able to exert influence in the political arena of Rome in the future. In fact, it is the result of a mechanism of self-protection of the aristocracy that has been formed for a long time. It shows the tenacious vitality of the traditional aristocratic political culture under the Fuehrer system. The third chapter traces the formation of a ruling family above all other aristocratic families in the early days of the head system. The author will use anthropology to study the Roman family system. Showing how Augustus creatively used the Roman establishment of kinship and the aristocratic family's political tradition to create a unique "Augustus family"; during this period, Its large-scale presentation in official discourse, image and ritual, including the judgment of the Peso Act, is themed by the extraordinary virtue of the members of the Augustus family and their historic mission to rule the Roman nation as a whole. In turn, the emergence of a "ruling family" broke the rules of the game of power-sharing and honor competition under oligarchs. The female members of the family began to break beyond the traditional family role and private domain of Roman women. Even independent political influence can be obtained. All of these reflect the profound changes and influences brought about by the emergence of the Augustus family. From the analysis of the above three aspects, we can see that the continuation of the traditional aristocratic political culture and the formation of the new consensus politics with the "Augustus family" as the core are almost as remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K126

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