从媒体形象建构谈欧洲社会对穆斯林移民的排斥与融合

发布时间：2018-03-22 19:31

本文选题：欧洲穆斯林移民　切入点：媒体与形象建构　出处：《四川大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着二战结束,大量来自第三世界国家和地区的穆斯林移民以劳工身份涌入欧洲参与战后各国经济重建并永久定居。随后几十年间,第二代及第三代移民在欧洲出生,欧洲各国主要城市都相继出现穆斯林聚居点。如今,穆斯林已成为欧盟人数最多的少数族裔,伊斯兰教成为继基督教之后欧洲第二大宗教。然而,穆斯林移民生存现状令人担忧。他们始终生活在欧洲各国社会的边缘,被排斥于主流社会之外。穆斯林移民生活在以基督教文明为上的欧洲社会,面临日趋世俗化的社会现实,但希望保留自身文化传统和宗教特色;而历史上对欧洲观念形成产生重要影响的我者/他者之对立,深深植根于欧洲统治精英及广大民众心中。冷战结束后的世界体现了西方基督教文明与伊斯兰文明的鲜明对立,广大伊斯兰世界和人民被视为西方世界的敌人。穆斯林与欧洲主流社会的矛盾一触即发,欧洲舆论和各国政府纷纷提高对穆斯林移民的关注。当今社会,大众媒体作为文化力量的一支,发挥着信息传播、舆论引导及社会意识形态塑造的作用。面对当今欧洲多民族、多宗教、多文化的社会现实,欧洲主流媒体在正面塑造少数民族形象、促进多民族彼此认同中的表现并不尽如人意。穆斯林作为欧洲最大的少数族裔,其媒体形象往往被定格为“他者”;伊斯兰文明也被强大的主流媒体进行着想象、描绘和曲解。穆斯林移民形象不能得到全面塑造,加之我者/他者的历史偏见,使得欧洲穆斯林移民不得不面对来自媒体及整个社会的漠视、误解与排斥。本文试图从欧洲主流媒体对穆斯林他者形象的建构出发,探讨穆斯林移民在当今欧洲的生存现状。媒体运作机制导致媒体话语为特定利益服务,精英集团的话语霸权无处不在,而少数族群声音却难觅其踪。在主流媒体话语中,伊斯兰过多地与负面新闻联系在一起,却较少被作为社会多样性的一支加以讨论。这样的媒体形象势必加深普通民众与穆斯林之间已有的隔阂,进一步导致穆斯林移民在欧洲社会的边缘化。此外,本文对欧洲穆斯林媒体进行了初步探讨。与主流媒体相对,穆斯林少数族裔媒体的跨国别意义非同一般。一方面,穆斯林移民从这些媒体中找回自己的声音和文化,另一方面穆斯林媒体也为重塑伊斯兰在欧洲民众认识中的形象发挥了积极的作用。除去引言和结语部分,本文共分四章。第一章讨论欧洲主流媒体对穆斯林移民他者形象的建构,直指问题本身,穆斯林在欧洲主流媒体中被排斥于欧洲社会及一体化进程之外。第二章分析伊斯兰与欧洲基督教文明冲突的背景,回溯历史,探讨当前,穆斯林移民承受着来自社会各层面的歧视以及历史遗留的对立情绪,生存现状令人担忧。第三章揭示主流媒体对穆斯林的他者形象建构对社会意识形态产生的深远影响。媒体具备传播与说服的强大功能,媒体传递的讯息很大程度上决定了大众的态度,解释了欧洲穆斯林被排斥于主流社会之外的重要原因。第四章观察欧洲穆斯林族裔媒体现状。最后,从媒体传播的角度提出,欧洲主流媒体可以从重塑穆斯林形象着手,积极应对多样化、多民族的文化现实,缓和对立;穆斯林移民本身则应重新审视变化了的生存环境,寻求认同与出路。
[Abstract]:With the end of World War II, a large number of from third countries and regions in the world with the labor status of Muslim immigrants into Europe countries participating in the post-war economic reconstruction and permanent settlement. The following decades, the second generation and three generation immigrants born in Europe, the main city in Europe have a Muslim. Today, has become the most populous Muslim minority ethnic, Islam became the Christian Europe after the second major religions. However, Muslim immigrants living situation is worrying. They always live in European countries the edge of the society, being excluded from mainstream society. Muslim immigrants living in a Christian civilization on the European society, facing the increasingly secular social reality, but want to keep their own culture the traditional and religious characteristics; and the history of the idea of Europe conflicts have an important impact on me / the other, deep planting According to the European ruling elite and the majority of people's heart. After the end of the cold war world reflects the contrast between Western Christian civilization and Islamic civilization, the Islamic world and the western people are regarded as the enemy of the world. The contradiction between Muslims and the European mainstream society triggered at any moment, the European public opinion and governments have increased the attention of Muslim immigrants.
In today's society, the mass media as a cultural force, play a role in the dissemination of information, public opinion and social ideology. In the face of today's European multi-ethnic, multi religious, multicultural society, the European mainstream media to create a positive image in the minority, to promote multi-ethnic identity in each other's performance is not satisfactory. As a Muslim Europe's largest ethnic minority, the media image is often identified as "other"; the Islamic civilization is also a mainstream media powerful imagination, description and image distortion. Muslim immigrants cannot get a comprehensive building, and I / other historical prejudice, the Muslim immigrants in Europe have to face indifference from the media and the whole society. The misunderstanding and rejection.
This paper attempts to start from the European mainstream media construction of Muslim stereotypes, to explore the survival status of Muslim immigrants in Europe today. The media operation mechanism to cause the media discourse for specific interests, the elite discourse hegemony everywhere, and minority voice can find its trace. In the mainstream media discourse, Islamic and too much negative news together, but is less as a social diversity is discussed. The media image is bound to deepen such barriers existing between ordinary people and Muslims, marginalized Muslim immigrants in Europe and further lead to society. In addition, this paper discusses the European Muslim media. Compared with the mainstream media, Muslim minorities the transnational media don't unusual significance. On the one hand, Muslim immigrants find their own voice and culture from the media, the other party The Muslim media also played a positive role in reshaping the image of Islam in the understanding of the European people.
Apart from the introduction and the conclusion, this thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter discusses the European mainstream media construction of Muslim immigrants in the image of the other, directed at the problem itself, Muslims in Europe in the mainstream media were excluded from the European Society and the integration process. The second chapter analyzes the conflict between Islamic and European Christian civilization background, history, current study. Muslim immigrants suffer from various levels of social discrimination as well as the historical antagonism, survival situation is worrying. The third chapter reveals the profound influence the image of the other mainstream media for Muslims to construct social ideology. The media have spread a powerful and persuasive message, media largely determines the public attitudes and interpretation an important reason for the European Muslims were excluded in the mainstream society. The fourth chapter observe the European Muslim ethnic media status Finally, from the perspective of media dissemination, the mainstream media in Europe can start from the reshaping of the Muslim image, actively respond to the diversified and multi-ethnic cultural reality and alleviate the opposition. Muslim immigrants themselves should reexamine the changing living environment and seek recognition and way out.

【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K505

【相似文献】