试析艾森豪威尔政府（1953-1961年）对外援助政策调整的动因

发布时间：2018-03-23 23:06

本文选题：艾森豪威尔政府　切入点：对外援助　出处：《复旦大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 对外援助是当代国际关系的重要内容之一。美国是战后对外援助最早和最多的国家。对外援助政策已经成为美国外交政策的核心内容之一,是美国推行对外政策、实现国家利益的重要工具。美国的外援政策是动态的、不断变化的。不同的历史时期或政府任期,美国对外援助的类型、项目构成、地理分布、附加条件等等都有所不同。目前,人们对于艾森豪威尔政府(1953—1961年)对外援助的了解并不多。随着艾森豪威尔时期档案的解密开放,我们有机会更真实、更深刻地去探究其政策出台的背景、过程及其变化,尤其是在弗兰西斯·福山提出要“重视历史”以及冷战国际关系学日益发展的当下。本文试从国际关系的视角,选取艾森豪威尔政府(1953—1961年)的对外援助政策作为研究对象,对美国在冷战对峙的高峰阶段,采取怎样的外援政策,效果如何,外援又是怎样适应美国对外政策的总体目标,为何调整等问题进行研究和分析。试图从结果和过程看原因,从对外援助政策在冷战中的运用,来探讨美国实行对外援助政策的动机,检验博弈理论中的安全困境问题。本文分为五个部分：第一部分导论,从外援概念的厘定以及美国外援的类型等方面概述了冷战时期的美国对外援助,综述了国内外对冷战期间,特别是艾森豪威尔政府(1953—1961年)对外援助的研究现状,明确了本项研究的意义；第二部分考察了艾森豪威尔第一届政府(1953—1957年)外援政策的主要内容,与杜鲁门政府相比,外援规模大幅削减,形式上仍以军事援助为主；第三部分考察了艾森豪威尔第二届政府(1957—1961年)外援政策的主要内容,与第一届政府相比,从以军事援助为主转向以经济援助为主；第四部分从国际政治、国内政治以及总统个人因素三个层面出发,深入分析了艾森豪威尔政府对外援助政策调整的动因；第五部分结语,得出艾森豪威尔政府外援政策调整的根本性因素,是为了维护并实现冷战期间美国的国家利益,无论哪种形式的外援都附有明确的政治目的。
[Abstract]:Foreign aid is one of the important content of contemporary international relations. The United States is the foreign aid, the earliest and most countries. Foreign aid policy has become one of the core content of American foreign policy, is the implementation of the United States foreign policy, an important tool to realize the national interests of the United States. The foreign aid policy is dynamic, changing the different. The historical period or administration, types of American foreign aid projects, geographical distribution, conditions and so on are different.
At present, the Eisenhower government (1953 - 1961) not many foreign aid understanding. Along with the Eisenhower archives decryption open, we have the opportunity to more real, more deeply to explore the policy background, process and change, especially in Francis Fukuyama proposed to "pay attention to history" and the cold war international relations the development of the moment.
This article from the perspective of international relations, from the Eisenhower Administration (1953 - 1961) of the foreign assistance policy as the research object, to the United States in the peak period of the cold war, how to take effect to foreign aid, foreign aid policy, and how to adapt to the overall goal of American foreign policy, research and analyze why trying to change. Look at the reasons from the result and process, from the use of foreign aid policy during the cold war, and to discuss the implementation of foreign aid policy motivation, test the security dilemma in game theory.
This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, from the concept of American foreign aid and foreign aid determining type is reviewed in the U.S. Cold War foreign aid was reviewed. During the cold war, especially the Eisenhower Administration (1953 - 1961) the research status of foreign aid, clarifies the significance of the research; second the first part of the study of Eisenhower government (1953 - 1957) the main content of foreign aid policy, compared with the Truman government, the scale of foreign aid cuts, the form is still mainly military assistance; the third part studies the second Eisenhower Administration (1957 - 1961) the main content of foreign aid policy, compared with the first session of the government, from the military aid to economic assistance; the fourth part from the three aspects of international politics, domestic politics and the president's personal factors, in-depth analysis of the Essen Motivation of foreign aid policy adjustment Howell government; the fifth part is conclusion, the fundamental factors that Eisenhower government foreign aid policy adjustment, is in the national interests of the United States during the maintenance and implementation of the cold war, either in the form of foreign aid have a clear political purpose.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2;K712.54

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