独立后的菲律宾经济民族化运动研究（1946-1976）

发布时间：2018-03-24 18:11

本文选题：菲律宾　切入点：经济民族化　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：菲律宾独立之后,开始了民族国家构建的过程,表现在经济领域是谋求经济的独立自主,由本国政府来掌控国家的经济命脉。菲律宾的经济民族化运动也因为冷战在亚洲的发生而打上了反共、排华的印记。20世纪40年代后期,冷战的国际氛围使得菲律宾对于共产主义感到恐惧,华侨的存在被菲律宾当局者认为是一种不安定的因素。在当时社会上对“华侨掌控菲律宾商业经济”恐惧症的推动下,菲律宾民族主义者极力主张施行经济民族化政策,一系列的经济类菲化案应运而生。在这些菲化案中,影响较大的有公共菜市场菲摊位菲化案、零售商业菲化案以及米黍业菲化案等。由于华侨人数在所有外侨中所占比重最大,且大部分的人也是从事商业活动,因此,在这一次排斥外侨的经济行为、提高本国人经济地位的经济民族化运动中,华侨所受到的影响是最深的。为了谋求发展,有资本的华侨开始转向菲律宾的制造行业,菲律宾出于构建、完善国家的工业行业结构的需要,也就没有对制造业进行菲化限定。故而,菲律宾的经济民族化运动也在一定程度上促进了菲律宾社会经济结构的调整。不过,由于历史和现实因素的限制,菲律宾的经济民族化政策对美侨“法外开恩”。以美国侨民在菲律宾的经济实力,菲律宾政府不触动美国侨民在菲律宾的经济利益就无法真正实现民族经济完全独立的诉求。此外,菲律宾政府在推行经济民族化运动的同时严格限制外侨归化菲律宾,因此在菲的外侨(尤其是华侨)难以通过归化入籍的形式避开菲化法令的影响,这一点也是菲律宾经济民族化运动的独特之处。文章一共分为三个部分。第一部分为前言,包括了选题缘由及意义、国内外研究的成果、论文的理论依据、史料来源、写作方法、创新与不足以及相关基础概念的界定。第二部分为正文,由五章组成。第一章介绍了菲律宾独立之后发生经济民族化运动的原因,包括历史因素、文化因素、政府因素、偏激的民族主义以及冷战因素等。第二章、第三章、第四章分别阐述了菲律宾经济民族化运动的初期、蓬勃发展阶段和趋于平缓状态并结束阶段的相关情况——主要包含菲化提案的提出状况,并对相应阶段内影响深远的菲化案进行详细的分析,是菲律宾经济民族化运动动态发展的一个完整历史过程。第五章分析菲律宾经济民族化运动的影响:包括对华侨经济的影响、对菲律宾经济结构的影响以及对菲律宾社会融合的影响。第三部分为结语,从在菲华侨的角度和菲律宾国家的角度对菲律宾经济民族化运动进行总体的评价。
[Abstract]:After the Philippines became independent, it began the process of nation-state construction, which was manifested in the pursuit of economic independence in the economic field. The national economic nationalization movement in the Philippines was also anti-communist because of the cold war in Asia, and was marked by anti-China in the late 1940s. The international atmosphere of the Cold War made the Philippines feel afraid of communism, and the existence of overseas Chinese was regarded by the Philippine authorities as a factor of instability. The Filipino nationalists strongly advocated the implementation of the economic nationalization policy, and a series of economic Filipino cases came into being. Among these Filipino cases, the most influential ones were those involving the Filipino stalls in the public food market. Retail commercial phenanthrene case, millet industry phenanthrene case, etc. Because the number of overseas Chinese accounts for the largest proportion of all foreign nationals and most of them are engaged in commercial activities, therefore, in this case, the economic behavior of foreigners is excluded. In the economic nationalization movement to improve the economic status of their own people, the impact on overseas Chinese is the deepest. In order to seek development, overseas Chinese with capital began to turn to the manufacturing industry in the Philippines, and the Philippines began to build up. The need to improve the industrial and industrial structure of the country does not limit the Filipino manufacturing industry. Therefore, the Philippine economic nationalization movement has to a certain extent promoted the adjustment of the Philippine social and economic structure. Due to the limitations of historical and practical factors, the Philippine economic nationalization policy has "exonerated" the American overseas Chinese by taking into account the economic strength of the American diaspora in the Philippines. Without touching the economic interests of the American diaspora in the Philippines, the Philippine government cannot really achieve the full independence of the national economy. In addition, the Philippine government, while promoting the economic nationalization movement, strictly restricts the naturalization of foreign nationals to the Philippines. Therefore, it is difficult for foreigners (especially overseas Chinese) in the Philippines to avoid the influence of the Philippine laws through naturalization, which is also a unique feature of the Philippine economic nationalization movement. The article is divided into three parts. The first part is the preface. Including the reason and significance of the topic, the research results at home and abroad, the theoretical basis of the paper, the source of historical data, writing methods, innovation and insufficiency, as well as the definition of related basic concepts. The first chapter introduces the causes of the nationalization of the economy after the independence of the Philippines, including historical factors, cultural factors, government factors, extreme nationalism and cold war factors. The fourth chapter describes the initial stage of the Philippine economic nationalization movement, the stage of vigorous development and the stage of levelling and ending-mainly including the status of the Philippine proposal. And to carry on the detailed analysis to the relevant stage profound influence Philippines case, It is a complete historical process of the dynamic development of the nationalization movement of the Philippine economy. Chapter five analyzes the influence of the nationalization movement of the Philippine economy, including the influence on the overseas Chinese economy. The third part is the conclusion, from the point of view of the Filipino overseas Chinese and the Filipino nation, the overall evaluation of the Philippine economic nationalization movement.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K341.5

【参考文献】