试论古代雅典的司法制度

发布时间：2018-03-24 20:57

本文选题：雅典　切入点：司法制度　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文试图通过追溯雅典司法制度的历史演变过程、考察雅典重要的司法机构——陪审法庭的构成及运作,探究雅典的司法制度在维护和巩固雅典民主制方面所起的突出作用。公元前8世纪忒修斯的政治改革为雅典的政治体制奠定了雏形,最初的司法权主要由六名执政官行使,他们是法律的制定者和维护者。之后,梭伦设立了陪审法庭。至公元前5世纪中叶,厄菲阿尔特扩大了陪审法庭的权限,伯里克利首次为陪审员制定了津贴,这就为平民参与陪审法庭提供了经济保证,从而完善和巩固了民主制度。陪审法庭是雅典最为重要的司法机关。从陪审员的产生到法庭宣布判决结果,整个过程把对陪审员数量的硬性规定与法庭分配时的软性几率相结合、程序的公开性与投票的秘密性相结合,实现了雅典人追求的平等、公平、公正的目标。时隔两千多年后,当我们重新审视雅典陪审法庭的时候,我们仍不免对古人的精研覃思赞叹不已。除了审理一些案件之外,雅典的陪审法庭还通过违法法令(律)诉讼对雅典的法律进行审查,通过对任职资格和账目的审查对雅典的所有官员进行监察,保障了雅典民主制的正常运行。雅典的司法制度以其独有的内在精神对后世产生了深远的影响,但它作为直接民主制的产物,也不可避免地存在一些不足之处,这也提示我们在借鉴的同时要学会批判。
[Abstract]:By tracing back the historical evolution of the judicial system in Athens, this paper attempts to investigate the constitution and operation of the jury court, an important judicial institution in Athens, and to explore the prominent role played by the judicial system in maintaining and consolidating the Athenian democracy. Theseus' political reform in the eighth century B.C. laid the rudiments of the political system in Athens. The first judicial power was exercised mainly by six consul, who were the makers and defenders of the law. Solon established the jury court. By the middle of the 5th century BC, Uphiarte had expanded the jury court's authority, and Pericles had for the first time made allowances for jurors, which provided an economic guarantee for civilian participation in the jury court. Thus, the democratic system was perfected and consolidated. The jury court is the most important judicial organ in Athens. From the emergence of jurors to the verdict delivered by the court, the whole process combines the mandatory regulation of the number of jurors with the soft probability of court allocation. The openness of the procedure combined with the secrecy of the voting achieved the goal of equality, fairness and justice pursued by the Athenians. More than 2,000 years later, when we re-examined the Athens jury court, We can't help admiring the ancients for their meticulous research on Qin Si. In addition to hearing a number of cases, the jury court in Athens also examined the laws of Athens through legal proceedings against the law, and monitored all officials in Athens through the examination of their qualifications and accounts. It guaranteed the normal operation of Athenian democracy. The judicial system of Athens has had a profound influence on later generations with its unique inner spirit, but as a product of direct democracy, it inevitably has some shortcomings, which also indicates that we should learn to criticize while learning from it.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D916;K125

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