浅析近代英国民族国家形成中市民阶层的作用

发布时间：2018-03-26 01:36

本文选题：民族国家　切入点：市民阶层　出处：《中央民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： “民族国家是欧洲中世纪后期出现并在资产阶级时代普遍形成的国家形式”,是挣脱欧洲中世纪的旧秩序而形成的一种新型国家。表现为：在政治上拥有了主权,建立起了比较健全的国家机构,国家疆界逐渐形成；在经济上,建立起了比较统一的国内市场,同时积极发展对外贸易,开辟国外市场；在思想文化上,作为构成民族国家主体的国民萌生了比较强烈的民族意识,他们承认自己的国家,愿作它的国民,希望它强盛；民族国家拥有了承认它并构成它的国民,而正是这样的国民群体构成了近代民族国家的主体。在近代民族国家形成中,国民的作用是不言而喻的,它是近代民族国家形成的基础。本文以英国国民中的市民阶层为例,探寻市民阶层在近代民族国家形成中的作用。在政治方面,市民阶层在英国近代民族国家形成中起了关键性作用。市民阶层的力量日益壮大,他们不但推动了亨利八世的宗教改革,还促使英国议会尤其是下议院得到进一步的发展,国家机构在托马斯·克伦威尔政府机构的改革下日趋完善,使近代民族国家的政体雏形基本形成。在经济方面,市民阶层在英国近代民族国家形成中同样起了重要的作用。在他们的推动下,英国的国内贸易在16世纪时得到较快的发展。市场的发展促进了英国的乡村经济的起飞,而乡村经济的发展又为城市经济的发展提供了强有力的支持和推动,城乡经济相互促进,加速了统一市场的形成。同时,英国的对外贸易也发展迅速,其市场遍及欧洲、非洲、远东中国和印度等地。在思想文化方面,市民阶层在英国近代民族国家形成中的作用主要是推动了民族语—英语的基本形成、以爱国主义为主要内容的人文主义的传播,以及国民民族意识的增强。而这些又是民族国家形成不可缺少的思想和文化基础。在宗教方面,市民阶层在英国近代民族国家形成中的作用是举足轻重的。中世纪后期,随着城镇经济和乡村经济的不断发展,市民阶层日益成长和壮大起来,他们迫切需要建立统一的民族市场和廉洁教会,作为市民代表的威克里夫的宗教改革,解放了人们的思想,客观上推动了人们反教会的斗争,为英国甚至为西欧后来的宗教改革奠定了重要的思想基础；在市民阶层的支持下,亨利八世所进行的宗教改革,为英国建立自己的民族教会奠定了重要的基础,这也是英国民族国家建立所不可缺少的。
[Abstract]:"the nation-state is a form of state that emerged in the late Middle Ages of Europe and formed generally in the bourgeois era". It is a new type of country formed by breaking away from the old order of the Middle Ages in Europe. With the establishment of relatively sound state institutions and the gradual formation of national boundaries, a relatively unified domestic market has been established economically, while foreign trade has been actively developed and foreign markets have been opened up; ideologically and culturally, The people who constitute the main body of the nation-state have a relatively strong national consciousness. They recognize their own country and wish to be its nationals, hoping it will be strong; the nation-state has the nationals who recognize it and constitute it. And it is such a national group that constitutes the main body of the modern nation-state. In the formation of modern nation-state, the national function is self-evident, it is the foundation of the formation of modern nation-state. This paper takes the citizen stratum of British people as an example to explore the role of citizen class in the formation of modern nation-state. In politics, the civic class played a key role in the formation of a modern nation-state in Britain. The strength of the civil class grew, and they not only promoted the religious reform of Henry VIII, It also promoted the further development of the British Parliament, especially the House of Commons, and the gradual perfection of the state institutions under the reform of Thomas Cromwell's government institutions, which basically formed the embryonic form of government of the modern nation-state. On the economic front, the civil class also played an important role in the formation of a modern nation-state in Britain. Britain's domestic trade developed rapidly in the 16th century. The development of the market promoted the take-off of the rural economy of England, and the development of the rural economy provided strong support and impetus for the development of the urban economy. The mutual promotion of urban and rural economies has accelerated the formation of a unified market. At the same time, Britain's foreign trade has developed rapidly, with markets throughout Europe, Africa, far East China and India. In terms of ideology and culture, the role of the civic class in the formation of the modern nation-state in Britain is mainly to promote the basic formation of the national language-English, and the spread of humanism, which takes patriotism as the main content. And the enhancement of national consciousness, which is the indispensable ideological and cultural basis for the formation of nation-state. In terms of religion, the civic class played an important role in the formation of the modern nation-state in Britain. In the late Middle Ages, with the continuous development of the urban and rural economy, the civic class grew and expanded day by day. They urgently need to establish a unified national market and a clean church. As a representative of the citizens, the religious reform of Vikriff has liberated people's minds and objectively promoted people's struggle against the church. It laid an important ideological foundation for Britain and even for the later religious reforms in Western Europe. With the support of the civic class, the religious reforms carried out by Henry VIII laid an important foundation for Britain to establish its own national church. This is also an indispensable part of the establishment of a British nation-state.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K561.4

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