20世纪初至20世纪70年代苏联城市居民住房问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 12:07

本文选题：苏联　切入点：城市居民　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪初，新生的苏维埃政权为了改善国内城市居民住房条件，保证“居者有其房”，将全国原有的房屋进行了重新分配，使城市普通民众的整体住房条件得到了提高，政府也因此赢得了广大民众的拥护，巩固了新生政权。1929年苏联根据当时国内外形势变化，开始实施计划经济，将国家工作重心转移到发展重工业方面，集中全国力量进行工业化建设。随着工业化和城市化发展加速，大量的农村居民涌入城市，城市人口激增，而城市住房建设缓慢，因此居民人均住房面积下降，房屋供求矛盾激化。面对这种状况，政府在不改变重点发展工业的前提下，制定了房屋建设和维修计划，并出台相关政策鼓励建筑单位采用新材料，鼓励地方苏维埃发展职业技术教育，，组织群众加入公益组织，积极引导群众参与建筑质量监督和房屋维修工作，通过采取以上措施，最终促进了苏联住房建设和房屋维修工作的顺利进行。在房屋分配和出租方面，苏联通过完善相关法律制度，详细规定住户和租户的权利和义务，使得整个房屋分配和出租能够井然有序地进行，保证每个家庭都有房可居。苏联政府经过半个世纪地努力，城市居民人均住房面积得到了显著提高。通过对苏联成立之初到70年代城市居民住房建设和政策研究，我们从中会获得一些启发。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the 20th century, in order to improve the housing conditions of the urban residents in the country, the new Soviet regime redistributed the original houses in the whole country and improved the overall housing conditions of the ordinary people in the cities. As a result, the government won the support of the masses and consolidated the new regime. In 1929, the Soviet Union began to implement a planned economy in view of the changes in the situation at home and abroad at that time, shifting the focus of state work to the development of heavy industry. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural residents have poured into the cities, the urban population has increased sharply, and the construction of urban housing has been slow. As a result, the per capita housing area of the residents has declined. The contradiction between supply and demand of housing has intensified. In the face of this situation, the government, without changing its focus on developing industry, has formulated a housing construction and maintenance plan, and has issued relevant policies to encourage construction units to adopt new materials. To encourage the local Soviet to develop vocational and technical education, to organize the masses to join public welfare organizations, to actively guide the masses to participate in building quality supervision and building maintenance, and to adopt the above measures, Ultimately, it promoted the smooth progress of housing construction and maintenance in the Soviet Union. In terms of housing distribution and rental, the Soviet Union elaborated the rights and obligations of households and tenants by improving the relevant legal system. So that the distribution and rental of the entire house can be carried out in an orderly manner, ensuring that every family has a house to live in. The Soviet government worked hard for half a century. The per capita housing area of urban residents has been greatly increased. Through the research on housing construction and policy of urban residents from the beginning of the Soviet Union to the 1970s, we will get some inspiration from it.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F293.3;K512

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