试论第一次世界大战后的法比军事同盟

发布时间：2018-03-28 02:17

本文选题：法国　切入点：比利时　出处：《首都师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：一战后的十年应该是一切回归正常的年代,尤其是对于法国和比利时这样的战胜国来说,和平是1919年后两国的强烈愿望。然而,《凡尔赛和约》并没有彻底解决欧洲安全问题。随着战后德国的发展,法国越来越感到它的安全受到威胁。为了谋求安全,法国努力构建自己的同盟体系。战后的比利时也同样面临着安全问题,于是它放弃中立地位,在寻求英法双重保障受挫的情况下,与法国单独开始了军事协定的谈判。 1919年巴黎和会期间,法国提出法比建立军事同盟,从此法比两国围绕着卢森堡、纪尧姆-卢森堡铁路归属权、占领德国等问题进行一系列军事协定谈判,出台法比军事协定草案。1920年9月7日,两国最终签订军事协定,标志着法比军事同盟关系正式建立。法比建立同盟后,比利时跟随法国的外交政策,协同法国出兵占领鲁尔。然而,在共同占领鲁尔的过程中,法比两国的矛盾日益凸显。1925年《洛迦诺公约》的签订使得比利时获得了英法的双重保障,至此,法比双边同盟关系开始受到威胁。二十世纪三十年代随着德国纳粹势力的崛起,欧洲安全问题面临新的挑战。新的国际局势使得比利时不得不再次调整自己的外交政策,它放弃同盟,恢复独立自主的外交政策,法比军事同盟最终走向瓦解。通过对法比军事同盟关系演变过程的深入探讨,我们不难发现这个时期的和平很不稳定,大国间的关系也是错综复杂。法比军事同盟瓦解的原因较为复杂,就比利时而言,主要包括地理、历史、外交传统、国内政治等诸多方面；对法国来说,它对集体安全、大国霸权盲目的追求影响了法比两国的同盟关系,而《洛迦诺公约》和《法苏互助条约》的签订则导致了两国同盟关系逐渐走向瓦解。此外,德国、英国等大国外交战略也是造成法比军事同盟瓦解的重要原因。尽管法比军事同盟在两次世界大战间发挥的作用有限,但我们不得不承认,两国军事同盟对法比双方的外交确实产生了一定的影响。
[Abstract]:The decade after World War I should be a return to normalcy, especially for a victorious country such as France and Belgium. Peace was a strong desire of the two countries after 1919. However, the Treaty of Versailles did not completely resolve the issue of European security. With the development of postwar Germany, France increasingly felt that its security was threatened. The postwar Belgium also faced security problems, so it gave up its neutrality and, frustrated by the dual guarantees sought by Britain and France, began negotiations on a military agreement with France alone. During the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, France proposed the establishment of a military alliance between France and Belgium. From this point on, France and Belgium negotiated a series of military agreements over the issues of Luxembourg, the ownership of the Guillaume Luxembourg railway, and the occupation of Germany. On September 7, 1920, the two countries finally signed a military agreement, marking the formal establishment of the Franco-Belgian military alliance. After France established its alliance, Belgium followed France's foreign policy and joined France in the occupation of Ruhr. However, in the process of co-occupation of Ruhr, The contradiction between France and Belgium became more and more obvious. The signing of the 1925 Lochano Convention made Belgium obtain the double guarantee of Britain and France, so that the bilateral alliance between France and Belgium was threatened. In the 1930s, with the rise of Nazi forces in Germany, European security faced new challenges. The new international situation forced Belgium to adjust its foreign policy once again, and it abandoned its alliance. Restoring an independent foreign policy, the Franco-Belgian military alliance finally disintegrated. Through an in-depth discussion of the evolution of the Franco-Belgian military alliance, it is not difficult to find that the peace in this period is very unstable, and the relations between the great powers are also intricate. The reasons for the disintegration of the Franco-Belgian military alliance are quite complex. As far as Belgium is concerned, It mainly includes geography, history, diplomatic tradition, domestic politics, etc. For France, its blind pursuit of collective security and power hegemony has affected the alliance between France and Belgium. The signing of the Lochano Convention and the Treaty of Mutual Assistance between the two countries led to the gradual collapse of the alliance between the two countries. The diplomatic strategy of Great Powers such as Britain is also an important reason for the collapse of the Franco-Belgian military alliance. Although the Franco-Belgian military alliance played a limited role between the two world wars, we have to admit that. The military alliance between the two countries did have a certain impact on the diplomacy of France and Belgium.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D819;K151

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