英国在海峡殖民地的自由贸易政策（1786-1867）

发布时间：2018-03-28 06:37

本文选题：十九世纪　切入点：英帝国　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：十八世纪北美殖民地的独立使英国认识到贸易垄断已经不再适合这个庞大帝国的发展,英国由早期的资本原始积累时期实行重商主义开始向追求近代自由贸易转变。1815年拿破仑战争胜利之后,英国获得全世界最广大的殖民地并取得海洋霸权,有了实现自由贸易的基础。工业革命的发展使对外贸易成为英国工业增长的发动机。为寻求广大的商品销售市场,其政策开始转向东方。占领印度之后,英国开始以其丰富的资源为后盾,逐步向东南亚的海峡地区扩张。自此,扩大势力范围而不是直接统治,最大限度地获得经济利益,成为帝国新的追求,即“自由贸易的帝国主义”。文章重点考察十九世纪英国在海峡殖民地的自由贸易政策。自由贸易是英国繁荣的秘诀,也是维系英帝国在全球优势地位的重要砝码之一。马来世界自古就是一个重要的贸易转运中心,作为连接欧洲与中国大市场的关键点,海峡地区早就成为西方殖民者争夺的焦点。在全球海洋战略之下,英帝国必须占领处于“十字路口”的东南亚海峡地区。随着英国逐步打破西班牙、荷兰在东南亚贸易航线的垄断,英属东印度公司1786年趁机占领槟榔屿,拿破仑战争期间控制马六甲,1819年莱佛士占领新加坡,英国逐渐控制整个海峡地区。1826年英国正式将三港合并为海峡殖民地。1786-1826年英国在马来地区稳步建立海峡殖民地是其推行自由贸易政策的关键一步。这一时期英国正处于自由资本主义发展时期,十九世纪40-60年代自由贸易达到顶峰。紧接着英国通过逐步清除荷兰、法国在这一地区的势力,加强对外防御以贸易优先,联合西方各国打击海盗,强力废除奴隶贸易,在新加坡建立自由贸易港,在海峡殖民地推行新的经济政策等措施,最终确立了十九世纪在海峡地区的自由贸易政策。1786-1867年整个时期海峡殖民地都在英印政府统治之下,始终坚持不干涉马来半岛内部事务的原则,但却处处奉行“贸易优先”原则。英国一系列自由贸易政策的顺利推行,使新加坡迅速成为东南亚最重要的转口贸易中心,保持了与中国贸易的持续繁荣。而英国更是以海峡殖民地为基地,逐渐向马来半岛内陆扩张,最终卷入对马来半岛的全面干涉。帝国在东南亚的政策始终围绕其中心的一套制度——自由贸易制度。十九世纪英国在海峡殖民地推行自由贸易政策的过程亦是确立在这一地区统治地位的过程。
[Abstract]:The independence of the colonies of North America in the eighteenth century made Britain realize that trade monopolies were no longer suitable for the development of this vast empire. Britain began to change from mercantilism in the early period of capital accumulation to the pursuit of modern free trade. After the victory of Napoleon War in 1815, Britain gained the largest colony in the world and acquired maritime hegemony. With the foundation of free trade, the development of the industrial revolution made foreign trade the engine of British industrial growth. In search of a vast market for the sale of goods, its policies began to shift eastward. After the occupation of India, Britain began to expand into the Strait region of Southeast Asia, backed by its rich resources. Since then, it has expanded its sphere of influence rather than direct domination, maximizing its economic benefits and becoming a new pursuit of the empire. "the imperialism of free trade". The article focuses on the British free trade policy in the strait colonies in the 19th century. Free trade is the secret of Britain's prosperity. It is also one of the most important weights for maintaining the British Empire's global dominance. The Malay world has been an important transit center for trade since ancient times, as a key point linking Europe and China's big markets. The Straits region has long been the focus of Western colonists. Under the global maritime strategy, the British Empire must occupy the Southeast Asian Straits at the crossroads. The Dutch monopoly of trade routes in Southeast Asia. The British East India Company seized Penang in 1786, controlled Malacca during the Napoleon War, and Raffles occupied Singapore in 1819. Britain gradually took control of the entire strait area. In 1826, Britain formally merged the three ports into a strait colony. The steady establishment of a Straits colony in Malay in 1826 was a key step in its free trade policy. During the development of liberal capitalism, The 1840s and 1960s saw the peak of free trade. Then, by gradually removing the Netherlands, France's influence in the region, strengthening foreign defense and giving priority to trade, Britain joined Western countries in fighting piracy and forcefully abolished the slave trade. The establishment of a free trade port in Singapore and the implementation of new economic policies in the Straits colonies resulted in the establishment of a free trade policy in the Straits region in the 19th century. The Straits colonies were under the British and Indian governments throughout the period of 1786-1867. The principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of the Malay Peninsula has always been adhered to, but the principle of "trade priority" has been pursued everywhere. With the smooth implementation of a series of British free trade policies, Singapore has rapidly become the most important entrepot trade center in Southeast Asia. It maintained a continued prosperity in trade with China, and Britain gradually expanded inland into the Malay Peninsula, based on the Straits Colony. The imperial policy in Southeast Asia has always revolved around the central set of institutions-the free trade system. It is also true that Britain pursued its free trade policy in the Strait colonies in the 19th century. The process of establishing a dominant position in the region.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.4

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