越南后黎朝后期的“黎皇郑主”体制

发布时间：2018-04-01 02:21

本文选题：黎皇　切入点：郑主　出处：《郑州大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 十六世纪早期，后黎朝皇帝滥用民力，官僚地主大肆夺取民田，致使小民失土，万民嗟怨，，社会矛盾日趋激化，农民起义频频发生，统治集团内部的争夺也趋于激烈。1527年，莫登庸夺取权力，建立莫朝(1527——1592)。 1532年，以阮淦为首的后黎朝旧臣以清化为基地，以“扶黎灭莫”为旗帜，拥立黎维宁为帝，重建后黎朝，越南进入南北朝。阮淦死后，大权落于其女婿郑检之手，郑检杀死了阮淦的长子，其幼子阮潢没有被杀。1588年，郑检派阮潢镇守顺化，此后，阮潢在顺化地区形成割据势力。在南北朝时期，南北双方之间进行了连绵不断的战争，1592年，郑检之子郑松收复升龙，莫朝残余势力被排挤到高平一隅。复辟后的后黎朝皇帝仅是傀儡，实权握于郑氏之手，形成“黎皇郑主”体制。1627——1672，北方的郑氏和南方的阮氏进行了近半个世纪的战争，双方互不能打败对方，便以(氵灵)江为界，形成两个相埒的政权，两个政权各建政制。在“黎皇郑主”体制中，郑氏除了保留后黎朝前期的大部分政治制度以外，为适应变化了的政治经济形势而创建主府，设置参从、陪从、府僚官，建立番等机构，使权力集中于自己之手。此外，郑氏还对于国家制度进行了改革，使国家政治体制基本趋于完备。 “黎皇郑主”体制是由国际、国内两方面因素共同影响、多种力量相互作用、制衡而形成的一种相对稳定的政治体制。它和当时越南封建村社经济占主导地位，商品经济不发达的社会经济基础相适应。在政治文化方面，继续以儒家政治思想为统治支柱。该体制为北越地区在政治和社会秩序方面形成较为稳定的局面、北越地区经济文化继续得到发展提供了必要的政治制度前提，同时也为越南与中国保持正常朝贡外交关系创造了必要条件。 “黎皇郑主”体制是一种中央集权制的政治体制，它将越南村社农民束缚在土地上，封建国家政权力图牢固控制人民的思想和经济生活。十六——十八世纪欧洲资本主义日益兴起并且逐渐影响到东南亚地区，这种体制所具有的保守性质，盲目自大、封闭排外的特征，对于国际形势发展的麻木和被动，使得越南不能有效地应对国际和国内两方面的挑战。十八世纪后期越南出现国家统一的历史契机，郑主无力承担历史使命，最终被越南历史发展的浪潮所淘汰。
[Abstract]:In the early 16th century, the emperors of the later Li Dynasty abused their people's power, and the bureaucrats and landlords seized the fields of the people, resulting in the loss of land for the small people and the resentment of the people. Social contradictions became increasingly intense, peasant uprisings occurred frequently, and the struggle within the ruling clique became fierce. Mo Dengyong seized power and established Mo'Chao 1527-1592. In 1532, the old officials of the later Li Dynasty, headed by Nguyen Gan, took the Qing Hua as their base, "support Li Wei Mo" as the banner, supported Li Weining as the emperor. After the reconstruction of the Li Dynasty, Vietnam entered the Southern and Northern dynasties. After Nguyen Gan's death, the great power fell to his son-in-law, Zheng Kin. Zheng Kin killed Ruan Gan's eldest son, who was not killed. In 1588, he sent Ruan Huang to guard Hue Hua. After that, Ruan Huang formed a separatist power in the Hue region. During the Southern and Northern dynasties, there was a continuous war between the north and the south, and in 1592, Zheng Song's son, Zheng Song, recovered and ascended the dragon, and the remnant forces of Mo Chao were pushed out to a corner of Gao Ping. After the restoration, the emperors of Li Dynasty were merely puppets, and the actual power was in the hands of Zheng. After nearly half a century of war between Zheng in the north and Ruan in the south, the two sides could not defeat each other, so they took the river as the boundary and formed two similar regimes. In the "Li Huang Zheng Master" system, in addition to retaining most of the political system in the early period of the post-Li Dynasty, Zheng established the main government to adapt to the changed political and economic situation, set up officials to consult, accompany and follow, and set up organizations, such as officials, officials, and other officials, and so on, in order to adapt to the changed political and economic situation. In addition, Zheng also reformed the state system and made the national political system more complete. The "Li Huang Zheng Master" system is a relatively stable political system formed by the joint influence of international and domestic factors, the interaction of various forces, and the checks and balances. It dominated the economy of the feudal village community in Vietnam at that time. The underdeveloped social and economic basis of the commodity economy adapts. In the political and cultural aspects, the Confucian political ideology continues to be the dominant pillar. This system is a relatively stable situation in the political and social order in the North Vietnamese region. The economic and cultural development of North Vietnam provides the necessary political system premise, and also creates the necessary conditions for Vietnam and China to maintain normal tributary diplomatic relations. The "Lihuang Zheng Master" system is a centralized political system that binds Vietnamese village farmers to the land. The feudal state power sought to firmly control the people's ideological and economic life. In the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, European capitalism rose day by day and gradually affected Southeast Asia. This system, with its conservative nature and blind arrogance, The characteristics of closed exclusion, numbness and passivity to the development of the international situation, make Vietnam unable to deal effectively with the international and domestic challenges. In the late 18th century, Vietnam had a historic opportunity of national reunification, and Zheng Lord was unable to undertake the historical mission. Finally, Vietnam was eliminated by the tide of historical development.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K333

【引证文献】