冷战初期美国中央情报局研究（1947-1961）

发布时间：2018-04-01 22:13

  本文选题：中央情报局　切入点：冷战　出处：《东北师范大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 随着第二次世界大战的结束,美苏两国也由盟友走向了对手,两极格局逐渐形成。为适应新的冷战局势,美国政府着手进行机构改革,并在1947年通过了《国家安全法》,组建了中央情报局。 由于美苏冷战局势的逐渐加剧,中央情报局的工作范围,也迅速由简单的情报和反情报职能向外扩展,到20世纪50年代初,就已被明确赋予隐蔽行动的职能,而这一职能除了推动美国对外政策的实行外,更成为中央情报局的重要标志。 但是,隐蔽行动并非中央情报局最主要的职能,情报分析工作仍是中央情报局工作的重心。冷战初期,是其情报评估体系形成和完善的时期。在本文讨论的时期内,中央情报局不但进行了组织结构的调整,情报评估能力急速上升,情报评估产品的权威性也得到了普遍认可,从而对美国政府的决策者们产生了巨大影响。 本文在对来美国政府解密文件进行细致梳理和分析的基础上,最终试图说明问题如下:(1)由于冷战的出现、情报工作经验的增加、以及美国朝野对情报问题认识的深入,中央情报局在1947年出现成为可能;(2)情报分析是冷战初期中央情报局的主要职能和工作,经过史密斯的机构改革后,其情报分析体系和能力得以初步完善;(3)在冷战初期,中央情报局的隐蔽行动在很大程度上取得了其预期的成果,而且,随着冷战局势的尖锐,中央情报局的隐蔽行动职能逐渐扩大和明确,逐渐成为美国实施对外政策的重要工具。
[Abstract]:With the end of the second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union also moved from allies to adversaries, and the bipolar pattern gradually formed. In order to adapt to the new cold war situation, the US government began to carry out institutional reform. And in 1947 passed the National Security Act, the establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency. Due to the gradual intensification of the Cold War situation between the United States and the Soviet Union, the scope of work of the Central Intelligence Agency rapidly expanded from simple intelligence and counter-intelligence functions. By the early 1950s, it had been clearly entrusted with the function of covert operations. In addition to promoting American foreign policy, this function has become an important symbol of the CIA. However, covert operations are not the most important function of the CIA. Intelligence analysis is still the focus of CIA work. The early Cold War was the period when its intelligence assessment system was formed and perfected. The CIA not only readjusts its organizational structure, but also increases its intelligence evaluation capability, and the authority of intelligence assessment products is generally recognized, thus exerting a great influence on the decision makers of the United States government. On the basis of a detailed analysis and analysis of the documents declassified by the US government, this paper finally tries to explain the following issues as follows: 1) because of the emergence of the Cold War, the increase in intelligence work experience, and the in-depth understanding of intelligence issues by the US government and opposition, The emergence of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1947 was the main function and work of the CIA at the beginning of the Cold War. After Smith's institutional reform, its intelligence analysis system and capabilities were preliminarily improved) at the beginning of the Cold War. To a large extent, the covert operations of the CIA have achieved its expected results. Moreover, with the sharp Cold War situation, the CIA's covert action functions gradually expanded and clarified, and gradually became an important tool for the United States to carry out foreign policy.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.5
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本文编号：1697518