塞浦路斯危机与约翰逊政府的对策（1963-1964）

发布时间：2018-04-02 14:31

本文选题：塞浦路斯问题　切入点：修宪危机　出处：《东北师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 塞浦路斯是位于地中海东南角的一个岛国。第二次世界大战结束以后,英国殖民者“分而治之”的统治政策,在塞浦路斯引发了影响深远的族群问题,同时由此还导致了希、土两国在这一问题上的纷争。1960年,塞浦路斯在《苏黎世——伦敦协定》的“保护”下实现了独立,之后,首任总统马卡里奥斯为进一步摆脱英、土、希三国的限制,最终实现塞浦路斯彻底独立而在1963年年底提出了修改宪法的要求,这引发了塞浦路斯自独立以来第一次最为严重的政治危机。由此,希、土两国政府为了争夺塞浦路斯而屡欲交火,这就必然会危及到西方阵营内部的团结。作为西方阵营首领的美国为了避免希、土两国发生战争,维系东地中海地区的稳定,不得不直接插手解决塞浦路斯问题。约翰逊政府面对塞浦路斯出现的危机,先后派遣代理国务卿乔治·鲍尔和前国务卿艾奇逊进行斡旋,但由于其政策的出发点本身就存在问题:不是为了从根本上解决塞浦路斯问题,实现塞浦路斯人民彻底独立的要求,而是为了防止希土战争的爆发,不顾塞浦路斯人民的利益去迎合希、土两国的利益要求。因此,约翰逊政府提出的各项对策注定要以失败而告终,与此同时还导致了美希、美土关系的恶化,为苏联介入塞浦路斯问题提供了契机。
[Abstract]:Cyprus is an island country in the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea.After the end of the second World War, the British colonists' policy of "divide and rule" caused a profound ethnic problem in Cyprus, which also led to a dispute between Greece and Turkey on this issue.After Cyprus achieved its independence under the "protection" of the Zurich-London Agreement, the first President, Maka Rios, sought to further free himself from the restrictions imposed by Britain, Turkey and Greece.At the end of 1963, a request to amend the Constitution was put forward, which led to the most serious political crisis in Cyprus since independence.As a result, the Greek and Turkish governments are fighting for Cyprus, which is bound to jeopardize the unity within the Western camp.The United States, the leader of the Western camp, had to intervene directly to resolve the Cyprus problem in order to avoid a war between the two countries and to maintain stability in the eastern Mediterranean.In the face of the crisis in Cyprus, the Johnson administration sent acting Secretary of State George Bauer and former Secretary of State Acheson successively to mediate.But because the starting point of its policy is itself problematic: not for the fundamental settlement of the Cyprus problem and the demand for the complete independence of the Cypriot people, but for the purpose of preventing the outbreak of the war between Greece and Turkey,Regardless of the interests of the people of Cyprus to meet the interests of Greece and Turkey.Therefore, the countermeasures proposed by the Johnson administration were doomed to fail, and at the same time led to the deterioration of relations between America and Greece and the United States and Turkey, which provided an opportunity for the Soviet Union to intervene in the Cyprus problem.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K153

【引证文献】