镀金时代美国西部农场主与铁路公司的矛盾探析

发布时间：2018-04-02 16:01

本文选题：镀金时代　切入点：农场主　出处：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：南北战争后,美国进入其发展史上的镀金时代。这一时期美国社会的主要特征是从农业国向工业国转变、自由资本主义向垄断资本主义过渡。在这两个历史性转变的带动下,美国的政治、经济、文化发生了重大变化,一系列新的社会矛盾和利益冲突应运而生,其具体表现之一便是美国西部农场主与铁路公司的长期对立及由此产生的矛盾。19世纪30年代初,美国开始了其铁路建设历程,南北战争后,美国社会掀起了一股投资建设铁路的热潮,铁路运输凭借其独特的优势在美国交通运输领域迅速取得了主导地位。对于西部地区而言,大规模的铁路建设对该地区农业的发展更是起到至关重要的作用。19世纪70年代,美国各大铁路公司纷纷展开恶性竞争并谋求垄断,铁路运输市场的混乱使西部农场主成为各铁路公司追逐利益的牺牲品,铁路公司的虚假宣传、土地投机、金融舞弊、运价歧视等不端行为严重损害了农场主阶层的利益。面对自身利益遭受损害,西部农场主纷纷走向联合并掀起格兰其反垄断运动,推动西部各州颁布格兰其法对铁路公司和谷仓经营实施管制。此后,随着格兰其运动的不断式微及州政府对铁路管制的逐渐松弛,农场主转而寻求联邦政府干预铁路运输。1887年《州际商务法》的颁布确立了联邦铁路管制,铁路运输市场秩序得到初步规范,美国西部农场主与铁路公司的矛盾趋于缓解。
[Abstract]:After the Civil War, the United States entered a gilded age in its history.The main characteristics of American society in this period were the transition from agricultural country to industrial country and the transition from free capitalism to monopoly capitalism.Driven by these two historic changes, major changes have taken place in American politics, economy and culture, and a series of new social contradictions and conflicts of interest have emerged as the times require.One of its specific manifestations is the long-standing antagonism between American western farmers and railway companies and the resulting contradictions. In the early 1930s, the United States began its railway construction process, and after the Civil War,American society has set off an upsurge of investment in the construction of railways, and railway transportation has gained a leading position in the field of transportation in the United States with its unique advantages.For the western region, the large-scale railway construction plays a vital role in the development of agriculture in the region. In the 1870s, the major railway companies in the United States began to launch vicious competition and seek monopoly.The chaos of railway transportation market makes western farmers fall victim to the interests of railway companies. The false propaganda of railway companies, land speculation, financial fraud, price discrimination and other misconduct seriously damage the interests of farmers.In the face of the damage to their own interests, the western farmers have to unite and set off the anti-monopoly movement of Grangi, and urge the western states to promulgate the Grangchi law to regulate the railway companies and barns.Since then, with the decline of the Grange movement and the gradual relaxation of state regulation over railways, farmers turned to the federal government for intervention in rail transport. The enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 established federal railway regulation.The order of railway transportation market has been preliminarily regulated, and the contradiction between farmers and railway companies in the western United States tends to ease.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K712.44

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