美国中央情报局与1962年古巴导弹危机

发布时间：2018-04-03 13:35

本文选题：中央情报局　切入点：古巴导弹危机　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1962年古巴导弹危机的爆发对第二次世界大战后的世界历史进程产生了非常重大的影响。在这次危机中，美、苏处于核对峙局面，几乎把人类带入了第三次世界大战的深渊，成为美苏冷战进程中的一次极限。而作为美国决策层最主要的情报顾问，美国中央情报局都自觉或不自觉的参与其中，，并扮演了极其重要的角色。因此，从中央情报局的角度出发来研究此次危机具有重大意义。本文试图以中央情报局为突破口，全面阐述中央情报的一举一动与1962年古巴导弹危机的关系。全文共分为四个部分：第一部分主要从中央情报局的角度阐述了1962年古巴导弹危机爆发的原因。在二战后形成的两极格局大背景下，卡斯特罗领导的古巴革命推翻亲美的巴蒂斯塔独裁政权而走上独立发展的民族主义道路，这势必引起美国的极大关注。由于卡斯特罗政权没有达到美国的要求，美古关系日益恶化。而作为美国实施冷战的得力工具，中央情报局制定并实施了一系列针对古巴卡斯特罗政权的敌对行动，主要包括“冥王星计划”的制定，并最终演化为猪湾登陆方案而付诸实施，随后中央情报局还参与了针对古巴的“猫鼬行动”计划，主要负责情报搜集与破坏行动。文章指出，中央情报局所实施的这一系列针对古巴的敌对行动并没有实现美国所要达到的目的，反而使得本来就很敏感脆弱的美古关系日益恶化，也给虎视眈眈于美国“后花园”——加勒比海岛——的苏联一个插足的契机。这也正是苏联在古巴部署导弹的原因之一。不管中央情报局意图如何，它的确成为这场危机爆发的不自觉的“点火者”。另外，文章还分析了艾伦·杜勒斯在此次危机爆发中扮演的角色。第二部分主要论述了中央情报局与1962年古巴导弹危机的解决。本部分主要从危机前的情报搜集与分析、危机期间的情报搜集与分析、危机结束后的情报搜集与分析等方面来展开论述。文章认为，中央情报局在执行“猫鼬行动”计划过程中，就发现了“某种不同寻常的”变化，并及时向美国政府汇报。中央情报局通过不同方式的情报搜集及分析工作，及时发现了部署在古巴的导弹，为美国决策提供有力情报依据，这也为危机的和平解决奠定了情报基础。另外，本文还对约翰·麦科恩作了一系列分析，指出其在这场危机解决中所起的作用。第三部分以1962年古巴导弹危机为例，分析中央情报局在美国决策中所扮演的角色。本文主要从情报搜集与分析、秘密行动、中央情报局局长三个方面来展开论述。文章认为中央情报局的情报搜集与分析为美国决策提供情报依据，其情报无论是准确与否，都会对美国外交决策产生重大的影响；对美国来说，中央情报局的秘密行动也是一把双刃剑，一次成功的秘密行动能够实现美国所想要的目标，但是一次失败的秘密行动，会严重影响美国外交形象及外交政策的制定；另外，美国中央情报局局长也在美国外交决策中发挥着重大作用。最后，通过对美国中央情报局与古巴导弹危机的研究，得出一些对我国情报部门可资借鉴的东西。
[Abstract]:The 1962 Cuban missile crisis have a significant impact on the history of the world after the Second World War. In this crisis, the United States, the Soviet Union in a nuclear confrontation, almost put human beings into the Third World War the abyss, became a limit in the process of the cold war. As the intelligence adviser to the U.S. the main decision makers, the CIA has consciously or unconsciously involved, and plays a very important role. Therefore, is of great significance to study the crisis starting from the aspect of the Central Intelligence Agency. According to the CIA as a breakthrough, a comprehensive exposition of the relationship between the CIA and the 1962 Cuban missile every act and every move the crisis.
The full text is divided into four parts:
The first part mainly from the perspective of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1962 the Cuban missile crisis. In the background of the formation of the bipolar pattern after World War II, the Cuban Revolutionary leader Castro overthrew the pro american Batista dictatorship and embark on an independentnational Road, it is bound to cause great concern to the United States. Because of the Castro regime did not meet the requirements of the United States, the relationship between beauty is increasingly deteriorating. As a powerful tool of American Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency to develop and implement a series of hostile actions against Cuba Castro regime, including "making Pluto plans", and eventually landing plan for the Bay of pigs and put into practice, then the CIA participate to Cuba "operation mongoose" plan, mainly responsible for intelligence collection and destruction. The article points out that the implementation of the Central Intelligence Agency This series of hostile actions against Cuba did not achieve the United States to achieve the purpose, but makes it very sensitive and fragile beauty of ancient deteriorating relationships, but also to the United States to look at fiercely as a tiger does "back garden": the Caribbean island - the opportunity of a Soviet involvement. This is one reason why the Soviet missiles in Cuba the Central Intelligence Agency. No matter how intent it does become conscious of the "ignition" of this crisis. In addition, the article also analyzes the Alan Dulles play in the crisis in the role.
The second part mainly discusses the solution of the Central Intelligence Agency and the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. This part mainly from the intelligence collection and analysis before the crisis, intelligence gathering and analysis during the crisis, intelligence collection and analysis, after the end of the crisis to discuss. The article thinks that the Central Intelligence Agency in the implementation of the "operation mongoose" plan in the process, discovered some unusual changes ", and report to the U.S. government in a timely manner. The Central Intelligence Agency through different ways of intelligence gathering and analysis, to discover the deployment of missiles in Cuba, the United States provides powerful intelligence basis for decision-making, it also laid the foundation for a peaceful solution to the crisis information. In addition, this paper also made a series of analysis of John maccone, pointed out in the play the role of solving the crisis.
The third part of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 as an example, analysis of the Central Intelligence Agency in the United States have played roles in decision making. This article mainly from the intelligence collection and analysis, covert operations, three aspects of the director of the Central Intelligence Agency to discuss. The CIA intelligence gathering and analysis provide the basis for the decision of its intelligence, intelligence whether it is accurate or not, will have a significant impact on the foreign policy of the United States; for the United States, the CIA's covert action is a double-edged sword, a successful secret action to achieve the desired goal of America, but the failure of a secret action, will seriously affect the development of American diplomacy and diplomatic image policy; in addition, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the United States foreign policy plays an important role.
Finally, through the study of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and the Cuban missile crisis, some of the things that can be used for reference in our country's intelligence department are drawn.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712.54;K751.5

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