赫茨尔及其政治犹太复国主义研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 11:20

本文选题：赫茨尔　切入点：政治犹太复国主义　出处：《华东师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 赫茨尔是政治犹太复国主义的创立者。19世纪末，政治犹太复国主义运动作为犹太民族意识觉醒的一个标志在世界范围的犹太人群体中引起了巨大共鸣。这个运动在赫茨尔的领导下不断壮大，同时，通过他近十年的对外实践活动，犹太复国主义在国际社会的知名度和影响力都得到了提升，同时他的实践也为政治犹太复国主义的发展探索了前进的道路，积累了宝贵的经验。赫茨尔对于政治犹太复国主义内部组织建设所做的贡献更是开创性的。在此基础上，政治犹太复国主义作为带领犹太人重建民族家园的政治力量在创建以色列国的过程中发挥了重要的作用。赫茨尔作为犹太历史上重要人物之一，一直在犹太人的思想和感情中占有重要的地位，对他犹太复国主义思想和实践的研究，是犹太史和犹太复国主义史当中具有重要意义的课题。本文分以下六章来介绍赫茨尔犹太复国主义的思想和实践。第一章着重探讨两个方面的内容，其一是犹太传统淡薄的家庭教育对赫茨尔成长过程乃至走上犹太复国主义道路后的影响；其二是赫茨尔作为一个始终相信同化是解决犹太人问题的犹太人，是如何由一个法学博士、剧作家、记者最终转变为政治犹太复国主义的领袖的，，这个问题至今在国内犹太史研究中论证得还不够清晰、准确。第二章主要以赫茨尔的著作《犹太国》和《古老的新国家》为研究主体，探讨赫茨尔的犹太复国主义思想。研究赫茨尔的著作，不只是关注它在世界范围内获得认可的程度，更要着重剖析著作中体现出的个人犹太复国主义思想的特点，分析这些思想的来源、发展以及作者从中起源的指导犹太复国主义运动的原则和方式。第三章以赫茨尔犹太复国主义事业起步后最初的实践活动为研究对象。主要探讨赫茨尔早期在犹太人世界中对其犹太复国主义进行宣传的活动。其中涉及他与犹太金融家之间初次交涉的失利；对《新自由报》长期不懈地说服，这个环节在以往的研究中并没有得到足够的重视；在犹太其他阶层中的宣传，这些宣传影响了一批最早跟随赫茨尔的犹太复国主义者，成为此后犹太复国主义运动组织建设和发展的部分基础。第四章以赫茨尔的对外实践活动为主要的研究对象。其中，赫茨尔与土耳其政府、与德皇以及与英国政府的交涉是比较重要的活动，它们对当时犹太复国主义的发展对外起到了宣传的作用，对内则起到了鼓舞士气、坚定信心的作用。同时，对于在以往的研究成果中通常被一定程度淡化了的实践活动，如在奥地利和意大利等地的活动作了简要的阐述，做到既区分主次又全面准确地展示赫茨尔对外实践活动的全貌。虽然赫茨尔的对外活动并没有取得令犹太复国主义者满意的实质性成果，可是他的坚持不懈增强了犹太人重建国家的决心和勇气，更使得越来越多的国家和地区关注起犹太人问题，最终为获得建国的契机奠定了基础。第五章的中心内容是介绍赫茨尔在犹太复国主义运动内部组织建设上所作出的重大贡献。正是犹太复国主义运动拥有了自己的组织和领导核心，才使得赫茨尔倡导的政治犹太复国主义运动具有了与此前的犹太复国主义发展完全不同的特点，形成了犹太人复国主义活动的整体性，开辟了新的复国主义的路线，使其犹太复国主义在犹太复国主义发展史上占据了特殊的地位。他主持召开的历届犹太人复国主义者代表大会，犹太殖民托拉斯和犹太殖民银行的建立，都为犹太复国主义的发展奠定了重要的物质基础，使得这个运动更具有现实性。然而，总的来说，在赫茨尔所进行的组织建设工作中很多重要的细节至今没有被讲述清楚，甚至有错漏的地方，这是本文论述力图使其更加准确、完善。第六章通过比较研究的方法突出赫茨尔犹太复国主义思想的特点及他在犹太复国主义发展史上的地位。最后的结论将总结赫茨尔犹太复国主义思想当中几个重要的命题，并归纳其思想的特点及影响。同时，本文将把赫茨尔创立和发展的政治犹太复国主义与巴以冲突的问题联系起来，揭示赫茨尔政治犹太复国主义运动与巴以冲突之间的关联性，突出选题的现实意义，并尽可能对赫茨尔及其犹太复国主义做出客观的评价。
[Abstract]:Herzel is the founder of political Zionism.19 at the end of the century, a symbol of political Zionism as a Jewish national consciousness awakening caused a great resonance among Jews all over the world. This movement has grown at the same time, under the leadership of Herzel, through his nearly ten years of international practice, Zionism is well-known and the degree of influence in the international community have been improved, but also for the development of the practice of his political Zionism to explore the way forward, and accumulated valuable experience. Herzel is groundbreaking for the internal construction of political Zionism contributions. On the basis of political Zionism as lead the rebuilding of Jewish political power played an important role in the process of creating in State of Israel.
As one of the most important figures in Jewish history, Herzl has always played an important role in Jewish thoughts and feelings. His research on Zionism and practice is an important topic in Jewish history and Zionist history.
This article is divided into six chapters to introduce the thought and practice of Zionism.
The first chapter focuses on two aspects, one is the influence of family education on the traditional Jewish weak growth of Herzel and on the Zionist road; second is Herzel as a always believed that assimilation was the Jewish settlements of Jews, such as by a doctor of law, the playwright, the reporter finally change as the leader of political Zionism, this problem so far in the domestic research on Jewish history demonstration is not enough clear, accurate.
The second chapter mainly Yihecier works < > and < the Jewish state old new national > as the research subject, discusses Herzel's Zionist thoughts. The study of Herzel's works, not only pay attention to its recognized degree in the world, but also to embody the characteristics of individual works focus on analysis of Zionism. Analysis of the ideological source, development and the principles and ways to guide the Zionist movement in origin.
The third chapter Yihecier Zionist cause the initial practice as the research object. Mainly discusses Herzel in the early Jewish world of the Zionist propaganda activities. He is involved with Jewish financiers between representations of the initial failure; free press < New > constant persuasion, this link in previous studies did not receive enough attention; in other Jewish class propaganda, propaganda the impact of a number of the earliest followers of Herzel Zionists, afterwards became part of the foundation of the Zionist movement organization's construction and development.
The fourth chapter Yihecier foreign practice as the main research objects. Among them, Herzel and the Turkey government, and the Kaiser and the negotiations with the British government is an important activity, they are the development of Zionism to the role of foreign propaganda, to play a role of morale, confidence at the same time, in the previous research usually downplayed the practice, such as in Austria and Italy and other places of activity are briefly described, so as to distinguish between primary and secondary and fully and accurately show the panorama of foreign Hector Branko practice. Although Herzel's activities did not achieve substantial results that the Zionists satisfied, but his Jewish national reconstruction unremittingly strengthened determination and courage, but also makes more and more countries and regions on the Jews The problem, finally, laid the foundation for the opportunity to obtain the founding of the people's Republic.
The center content of the fifth chapter is the introduction of the major contribution that Herzel is in the internal construction of the Zionist movement. It is the Zionist movement has its own organization and the core of leadership, the Dehecier political Zionism movement has the characteristics and previous Zionism are totally different, forming the whole Zionist activities, opened up new Zionism, the Zionist occupied a special position in the history of the development of Zionism. He chaired the previous Zionist Congress, the establishment of the Jewish colonial TRUS and Jewish colonial bank, for Zionism the development has laid an important material foundation, make the movement more realistic. However, in general, in the Heciersuo of organization construction Many important details in the work have not been told and even had the wrong places. This is the article that tries to make it more accurate and perfect.
The sixth chapter through the method of comparative study to highlight the characteristics of Herzl's Zionist thoughts and his status in the Zionist history.
The conclusion summarizes Herzel's Zionist thoughts among several important propositions, and summarized its characteristics and the influence of thought. At the same time, this article will connect Herzel to the creation and development of political Zionism and the Israeli Palestinian conflict, the relationship between Herzel reveals political Zionism and the Israeli Palestinian conflict, prominent practical significance of the topic, and as far as possible to make an objective evaluation of Herzel and Zionism.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K37

【引证文献】