第一次世界大战与中华民族的新觉醒

发布时间：2018-04-05 07:17

本文选题：第一次世界大战　切入点：民族觉醒　出处：《河北经贸大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：第一次世界大战是世界近代史上一场世界性的规模巨大的战争,它不仅改变了国际的政治经济格局,对中国也产生了深刻的影响,中国政府、各界人士和国内舆论界都对一战予以了极大的关注,一战促进了中华民族的新觉醒。自鸦片战争以来,民族主义观念逐步深入人心,一战的发生使世界的民族解放运动高涨,为被压迫民族的独立解放争取了条件,推动了中国近代民族主义思潮的兴起和发展,促进了中国全体人民民族意识的觉醒。一战爆发后,北京政府迅速采取应对措施,从“严守中立”到两次请求参战,中国通过一战为维护民族利益做出了种种努力,并制定了“以工代兵”的参战政策,约14万华工被派遣到欧洲战场,为协约国赢得战争胜利做出了巨大的牺牲和突出贡献。战后华工的爱国觉悟和爱国热情高涨,成为声援五四运动的基础;国人反对“二十一条”等工人学生爱国运动唤醒了中国人的民族意识,为争取民族独立提供了生力军,工人、学生、爱国工商业者成为民族解放的新力量。战后的西方世界陷入悲观、混乱和迷茫之中,国人对西方文化进行了批评和反思,国内的《东方杂志》对此做了详细报道,梁启超、梁漱溟等人对欧洲文化有了新的认识并对国人产生影响。战后世界范围盛行的民族自决思潮波及于中国,列宁和威尔逊提出的“民族自决”思想客观上促进了中国人民民族解放意识的高涨。十月社会主义革命、中国无产阶级队伍壮大以及新文化运动为社会主义思潮在中国的流行提供了群众基础和理论支持,使了马克思列宁主义在中国进一步传播,使中国找到了争取民族独立和解放的正确道路。一战之后中华民族的觉醒也是世界民族解放运动的一个重要组成部分,中国及亚、非、拉国家的民族主义运动猛烈冲击了帝国主义的殖民统治,从而使西方殖民主义统治开始走向衰亡的道路。
[Abstract]:World War I was a huge war on a worldwide scale in the modern history of the world. It not only changed the international political and economic pattern, but also had a profound impact on China.People from all walks of life and domestic public opinion have paid great attention to World War I, which promoted the new awakening of the Chinese nation.Since the Opium War, the concept of nationalism has gradually taken root in the hearts of the people. The occurrence of the first World War has made the national liberation movement in the world soaring, which has won the conditions for the independent liberation of the oppressed nations, and promoted the rise and development of the nationalist trend of thought in modern China.It has promoted the awakening of the national consciousness of all the Chinese people.After the outbreak of the first World War, the Beijing government quickly took countermeasures, ranging from "strictly observing neutrality" to asking to take part in the war twice. Through the first World War, China made all kinds of efforts to safeguard the national interests, and formulated a policy of "substituting workers for soldiers" to participate in the war.About 140000 Chinese workers were sent to European battlefields, making great sacrifices and outstanding contributions to the allies' victory in the war.After the war, the patriotic consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm of the Chinese workers became the basis of solidarity with the May 4th Movement. The patriotic movement against the "21 articles" of workers and students awakened the national consciousness of the Chinese people and provided fresh troops and workers for the struggle for national independence.Students, patriotic industrialists and businessmen became a new force for national liberation.After the war, the western world fell into pessimism, confusion and confusion. Chinese people criticized and reflected on western culture, which was reported in detail by "Oriental magazine" in China. Liang Qichao,Liang Shuming and others have a new understanding of European culture and have an impact on Chinese people.The trend of national self-determination prevailing in the world after the war spread to China, and the thought of "national self-determination" put forward by Lenin and Wilson objectively promoted the Chinese people's consciousness of national liberation.The October socialist revolution, the growing ranks of the Chinese proletariat and the new cultural movement provided the mass basis and theoretical support for the popularity of socialist thought in China, and further spread Marxism-Leninism in China.China has found the right way to fight for national independence and liberation.After World War I, the awakening of the Chinese nation was also an important part of the national liberation movement in the world. The nationalist movements of China and the Asian, African, and Latin American countries severely attacked the colonial rule of imperialism.Thus, the Western colonial rule began to decline.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K143

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