十九世纪英国初等教育师资培训机制演变及成因探究

发布时间：2018-04-05 17:46

本文选题：初等教育　切入点：师资培训机制　出处：《湖南科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：教育的发展和师资培训关系密切。教育的发展必然会对师资培训提出新的要求,师资培训的演变也促进了教育的进步。为了发展教育，推动社会的不断进步，各国都很重视师资培训。各国师资培训的机制由于受到不同的政治、经济、文化等方面的影响而异。19世纪的英国也是如此。英国的初等教育师资培训机制自18世纪开始萌芽后，随着初等教育事业的发展，在19世纪完成了导生制到私立师范学院再到见习教师制然后到走读师范学院的演变。本文主要论述了这种演变的过程，并对其演变的原因作了初步探究。全文共分为四个部分第一部分论述了英国初等教育师资培训机制的起源。英国初等教育师资培训机制并不是伴随着英国初等教育的出现而同时出现，而是在英国初等教育发展了一段时间才开始萌芽。基督教知识促进会的建立是其萌芽的标志。第二部分论述了19世纪英国初等教育师资培训机制演变的社会背景。英国通过宗教、政治改革，为初等教育提供了宽松的政治环境。18世纪发生的工业革命，形成了工业化和城市化，推动了社会的转型，加速了农村人口城市化的步伐，也引起了一系列的社会问题。为解决凸现的社会问题，英国大力发展初等教育，这就为英国19世纪初等教育师资培训机制的转变提供了客观条件。第三部分论述了19世纪英国初等教育师资培训机制的演变过程。18世纪末19世纪初，英国开始重视大众的初等教育，随着慈善家创办的主日学校和教派协会创办学校的规模不断发展，急需大量的教师，导生制应运而生。由于导生制是学生管理学生，教学质量低劣，难以满足当是师资要求，1840年枢密院教育委员会主席詹姆斯·凯·沙特尔沃思以个人名义创办了巴特西教师训练学院，但这种学院局限于规模，在数量上也难以满足初等教育发展的需求。为此，他又创立见习生制。1870年《初等教育法》颁布后，受教育人数迅速增多，使训练学院和见习教师制不能满足师资培训质量上和数量上的要求，此时，社会也呼吁要求大学参与培训初等教育师资，培养高质量的小学师资，走读训练学院呼之而出。第四部分论述了英国初等教育师资培训机制演变的原因。英国初等教育的发展是由社会、政治、经济、文化等因素促成的。随着工业革命和城市化不断推进，大量农村人口源源不断地涌入城市，加上英国人口的自然增长，使受教育人数增加。同时，工业革命的深入也要求劳动者掌握一定的文化知识，这些因素共同促使英国从18世纪下半叶起大力发展初等教育。随着经济的发展，教育的社会功能日益突出，为改变教会垄断教育的自由，争取掌握教育的主导权，国家对初等教育进行了干预。19世纪末，英国普及了义务教育，，使入学人数突增。而此时，德美等资主义经济的迅速发展和军事上的优势以及它们良好的国民教育状况，也给英国的初等教育带来了压力，这些因素也使英国加快发展初等教育的步伐。不同时段初等教育的发展，就会出现了相应的师资培训机制。总之，19世纪初英国初等教育师资培训机制的演变顺应了时代发展的要求，为人类将来发展师资培训机制提供了有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:The development of education and training of teachers is closely related to the development of education. It will put forward new requirements for teacher training, teacher training development also promoted the development of education. In order to develop education, promote social progress, many countries attach great importance to the training of teachers. Teacher training mechanism of countries due to different political, economic, and this effect varies.19 century cultural and other aspects of the British Elementary Education teacher training mechanism. In Britain since the beginning of eighteenth Century after germination, along with the development of elementary education, in nineteenth Century completed the monitorial system to private normal college to trainee teachers system and then to the evolution of commuting normal college. This paper mainly discusses the process of this evolution, and the evolution reason made a preliminary inquiry.
The full text is divided into four parts
The first part discusses the origin of teacher training mechanism of elementary education in the UK. The British Elementary Education teacher training mechanism is not accompanied by the British Elementary Education and at the same time, but the development of primary education in the UK for a period of time is just beginning. Christian knowledge building is a sign of its bud.
The second part discusses the evolution of the nineteenth Century British Elementary Education Teacher Training Mechanism of the social background. The British by religion, political reform, the political environment has provided a relaxed.18 century industrial revolution for elementary education, the formation of industrialization and city, promote the transformation of society, accelerate the pace of rural population in the city, also caused a series of social problems. In order to solve the social problems, the development of elementary education, which is changing Britain nineteenth Century elementary education teacher training mechanism provided objective conditions.
The third part discusses the nineteenth Century British Elementary Education Teacher Training Mechanism of the evolution of the.18 century and the early nineteenth Century, the British began to pay attention to public elementary education, with the Sunday school and Church Association founded philanthropist school scale unceasing development, need a lot of teachers, monitorial system came into being. Because the monitorial system is the student management. The poor quality of teaching, it is difficult to meet the requirements of teachers is when the Education Committee of the Privy Council in 1840, chairman James Kay Shuttleworth personally founded the Battersea teacher training college, but the school is limited to the size, can not meet the needs of the development of elementary education in quantity. Therefore, he found pupil teachersystem.1870 elementary education law promulgated < > after the rapid increase in the number of education, the training school and a cadet teacher system can not meet the training quality and quantity requirements, At this time, the society also called on the university to participate in training teachers of elementary education, training of primary school teachers of high quality, day training school and call out.
The fourth part discusses the reasons for the evolution of teacher training mechanism of elementary education in the UK. The development of elementary education in the UK is by the social, political, economic, cultural and other factors contributed to. With the deepening of the industrial revolution and the city, a large number of rural population Everfount into the City, and the natural increase in the population of the United Kingdom, the increase in the number of education. At the same time, the industrial revolution also require workers to master certain cultural knowledge, these factors prompted Britain from the second half of the eighteenth Century onwards to develop elementary education. With the development of economy, the social function of education have become increasingly prominent, in order to change the church monopoly of education freedom, to grasp the initiative of the national education, primary education intervention was.19 at the end of the century, the popularization of compulsory education, the enrollment increases. At the same time, the rapid development of the capitalist economy, and military advantage to And their good national education conditions also bring pressure to primary education in Britain. These factors also accelerate the development of primary education in Britain. There will be corresponding teacher training mechanism in the development of primary education at different stages.
In short, the evolution of the training system of primary education teachers in the early nineteenth Century conformed to the requirements of the times. It provided a useful reference for the future development of teacher training mechanism in the future.

【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561;G556.1

【共引文献】