论19世纪末20世纪初俄国的石油工业垄断

发布时间：2018-04-08 18:27

本文选题：垄断　切入点：俄国　出处：《求是学刊》2014年03期

【摘要】：19世纪末20世纪初,俄国石油工业垄断形成并获得快速发展。这主要是股份制公司的建立和推广、各企业之间激烈的自由竞争、外国资本的渗入及银行资本与工业资本的融合等因素,共同促进了俄国石油工业中生产和资本的空前集中,为垄断的形成提供了必要条件。在这一时期,卡特尔、辛迪加和托拉斯三种类型石油垄断组织先后建立并开展了广泛的活动,即通过建立石油及其产品的垄断价格攫取高额垄断利润;极力反对国家调控石油价格;积极参与争夺世界石油市场。这些活动给俄国石油工业的发展带来了双重影响,既有正面的促进作用,也有负面的抑制作用,从而使石油工业生产呈现出发展与停滞两种趋势同时并存、相互交替的局面。
[Abstract]:At the end of 19 th century and the beginning of 20 th century, the monopoly of Russian petroleum industry was formed and developed rapidly.These factors, such as the establishment and promotion of joint-stock companies, the fierce free competition among enterprises, the infiltration of foreign capital and the integration of bank capital and industrial capital, together promoted the unprecedented concentration of production and capital in the Russian oil industry.It provides the necessary conditions for the formation of monopoly.In this period, cartel, syndicate and trust have established and carried out extensive activities successively, that is, seizing high monopoly profit by establishing monopoly price of oil and its products.Strongly opposed to state regulation of oil prices; actively participate in the world oil market.These activities have brought double influence to the development of Russian petroleum industry, which not only has positive promoting effect but also has negative restraining effect, so that the oil industry production presents two kinds of trends of development and stagnation, which coexist and alternate with each other at the same time.
【作者单位】：吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“1861—1917年俄国等级和阶级结构研究”,项目编号:11BSS018
【分类号】：F419;K512.4

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