古典时代希腊学校初探

发布时间：2018-04-09 16:04

本文选题：古典时代　切入点：希腊　出处：《河北师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 古典时代希腊学校是整个古希腊学校的代表,它涵盖了整个古希腊学校的类型并且扩充了学校的类型。本论文旨在通过对古典时代希腊学校产生的历史基础及各种类型学校的分析,总结出古典时代学校的特点及影响。全文除序言和结语外共有三部分。第一部分分析古希腊学校产生的历史基础和条件。古希腊学校的胚胎孕育于古希腊社会丰富的物质和精神的历史积淀中。当古希腊迈入阶级社会的门槛时,社会物质生活条件有所改善,精神生活更加丰富多彩,加之古希腊人开阔的视野和海纳百川的气度,这些都为古希腊学校的产生铺平了道路。古希腊学校萌芽于英雄时代,这一时代要求贵族子弟英勇善战,学习作战技术;能言善辩,掌握雄辩术。这是古代教育所要达到的目的。当历史的车轮踏入古风时代,斯巴达和雅典崭露头角,由于两大城邦自然和社会条件的差异,遂形成两种类型的学校模式——斯巴达式学校和雅典式学校。另外,毕达哥拉斯所创办的具有教育性质的社团为古典时代学校的建立起了表率作用,是后世哲学学园仿效的榜样。第二部分对古典时代希腊学校进行探讨。本文从政治、经济两方面分析了古典时代学校形成和发展的原因。智者、伊索格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德是此时期主要的思想家。智者们虽然没有统一学说,但他们具有共同的职业、治学内容和教育思想。论文通过分析智者的教育思想和实践活动,从而把智者们的活动也纳入学校的组成部分之中。伊索格拉底创办的修辞学校是培养演说家的基地。柏拉图的阿卡德米学园是欧洲历史上第一所进行教学和研究的机构。本文通过对学园所设科目、培养目标及其性质的分析,阐述了学园在古典时代的希腊及在西方的重要地位。柏拉图的得意门生亚里士多德仿效其师创办学园。笔者主要分析了他的教育阶段论与全面发展教育相结合的教育理论。这些思想家的教育及实践活动丰富和发展了古典时代的希腊学校。第三部分总结古典时代希腊学校的特点及其对希腊化时期学校产生的影响。笔者通过分析古典时代的各种等级、各种类型的学校,总结出这一时期学校的特点。这一时期以哲学学园的地位最突出,因而形成以哲学为中心的学科体系。这一学科体系的构建适应了古希腊社会的需要,为培养统治者和合格公民作了铺垫。希腊化时期的学校是古典时代学校的延续,只是侧重点不同,文科教育倍受青睐。然而继柏拉图学园和亚里士多德学园之后兴起的两所哲学学校——伊壁鸠鲁学校和斯多葛学校仍在各种学校中占有重要地位。结语部分从整体上叙述了古典时代希腊学校产生变化发展的情况。古希腊物质文化的积淀和斯巴达雅典创办的学校以及毕达哥拉斯学园是古典时代希腊学校产生的基础和条件。古典时代的政治经济对学校的变化也有影响;然而最重要的是这一时代产生众多的哲学家和修辞学家,他们创办的高等学府完善了古典时代的希腊学校。古典时代学校特色独蕴,对希腊化时代学校产生重大影响。
[Abstract]:Ancient Greece school is a representative of the ancient Greece school, it covers the types of ancient Greece school and expand the type of school. This paper aims at analyzing the historical foundation and various types of schools of ancient Greece School of classical, summed up the characteristics and influence of generation school. Besides the preface and conclusion a total of three parts.
The first part is the historical basis and condition analysis of ancient Greece school. Ancient Greece school embryo bred in the ancient Greek society rich material and spiritual history. When ancient Greece entered into class society, the social conditions of material life improved, spiritual life more rich and colorful, and the ancient Greeks open field of vision and all rivers run into sea bearing, which paved the way for the ancient Greece school. The school originated from the ancient Greek hero era, requires heroic nobles of this era, learning combat techniques; mastering eloquence. Skilled in debate, this is the ancient education to achieve the purpose. When the wheel of history in the ancient times, Sparta and Athens emerge, due to differences in the two big city of natural and social conditions, thus forming the school model of two types: Spartan school and Athens school also, The educational community founded by Pythagoras has played an exemplary role in the establishment of schools in the classical times, and is an example of the imitation of later philosophical gardens.
The second part carries on the discussion to the ancient Greece school. From the political reasons, classical school of the formation and development of two aspects of economic analysis. The wise man, Platon Aristotle, Socrates Aesop, is the main thinkers of this period. Although there is no unified theory of the wise men, but they have a common occupation, research content and the educational thoughts. Through the analysis of theory and practice of education activities of the wise, the wise men's activities are also included in the part of the school. The school is founded by Socrates Aesop's rhetoric training base. The speaker Platon Acard Mi, is the first institution of Education and research in the history of Europe. The subjects of the Academy, culture analysis and its nature, expounds the importance of Plato's Academy in Greece and in the West. Platon's favourite pupil together more Germany has been imitating its teacher and founding a school. The author has mainly analyzed his educational theory which combines education stage theory with all-round development education. These thinkers' education and practice activities have enriched and developed the Greek school in the classical age.
The third part summarizes the influence characteristics of Greece School of classical times and on the Hellenistic school. Through the analysis of various grades of the classical era, various types of schools, summed up the characteristics of this period. During this period, the school of philosophy, the most prominent position, thus forming the philosophy as the center of the discipline system construction. This subject system adapted to ancient Greek society, which paves the way for cultivating qualified citizens and rulers of the Hellenistic period. The school is a continuation of the classical era of the school, just different emphasis, liberal education is popular. However, after Platon and Aristotle, the rise of the two Academy School of philosophy of Epicurus school and the Stoic school in all kinds of schools still occupies an important position.
The epilogue describes the ancient Greece school changed the development as a whole. The ancient Greek material cultural heritage and the founder of the school of Pythagoras and Sparta Athens academy is the foundation and condition of ancient Greece school produced. Also influence the changes of political and economic schools of classical age; however, the most important thing is this era have lots of philosophers, they founded universities improve Greece school. The classical school characteristics alone in school had important influence to the Hellenistic age.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K125

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