波斯尼亚危机期间的奥俄关系，1908-1909

发布时间：2018-04-10 13:43

本文选题：波斯尼亚危机 + 奥俄关系　；参考：《南京大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：第一次世界大战爆发的导火索是萨拉热窝刺杀事件,德奥同盟国集团借机对塞尔维亚宣战,进而引发了一次全人类战争。中欧集团为何采取战争通牒这一最为极端的手段?这是否是它们想当然地举动呢?事实上,德奥集团之所以会施以战争通牒相威胁与1908年的波斯尼亚危机有着千丝万缕的联系。可以说,波斯尼亚危机是第一次世界大战的预演。波斯尼亚危机的爆发是历史必然性与偶然性的结合。柏林会议后,欧洲政治格局逐渐由多国均势状态向以英德为首的两极格局演变,奥匈帝国在逐渐形成的两极格局下,愈发觉得受制于德国,且随着英俄协定签订,俄国将扩展方向转向巴尔干地区,奥匈帝国进一步认识到奥俄可能性冲突的风险。奥匈帝国认为,要想在尚未稳定的欧洲两极体系下有所作为,必须挑起事端,寻找突破口,这样才有可能为本国获取利益。1907至1908年的一系列突发性事件为奥匈帝国实施破坏计划提供了很好的平台,而计划实施的最佳选择场所就是奥匈帝国长期占据的波黑两省。因为两省长期以来一直是奥匈帝国统治集团的图谋之地,加之奥匈帝国无力从事海外扩张,因此,也只能将目标放在与其邻近的巴尔干地区。本文将以奥俄两个巴尔干主导国为主线,着重分析两国外交政策的制定与实施,以及围绕两国博弈的两大军事集团的态度。全文的结构主要分为四大部分：第一部分主要讲述波黑问题历史演化进程与奥俄两国各异的地缘战略之间的关系。同时,说明英俄协定签订对奥国的刺激作用以及奥国从自身利益出发,最终实施吞并计划之间的内在联系。第二部分为波斯尼亚危机的发生。这部分主要阐述奥国自拉响波黑危机的导火索至正式实施吞并危机期间的一系列准备,其中还涉及世界外交史上至今仍是个谜团的布赫劳会谈,并对会谈作一定的分析。第三部分为全文的重点,主要论述波斯尼亚危机爆发期间奥俄外交博弈,其中涉及奥俄两国对召开国际会议、争取保加利亚以及针对塞尔维亚这三方面的角逐。第四部分为波斯尼亚危机带来的影响。这部分着重强调波斯尼亚危机对危机过程中主要参与国的影响以及对国际政治秩序的影响,此外,还阐述了危机与一战爆发之间的内在关联性。波斯尼亚危机爆发的前因后果,实际上向我们展示了国际政治环境中权力争斗的现实,个人的野心与国家贪欲的膨胀会增加国际冲突的危险性,特别是当体系结构下主要大国一旦怀有清除异己、力图获得国家利益最大化时,势必给整个人类带来难以预测的灾难。因此,维护国际和平与安定,要求主要大国适当限制本国膨胀的权力,以合作与交流来替代武力冲突的激烈斗争,尽量以共赢的国际机制为依据,能够从人类冲突的悲剧中吸取教训。
[Abstract]:Since the outbreak of the First World War was the assassination of Sarajevo , the German Group of the Allied Powers borrowed a war against Serbia and led to a whole - human war . Why did the Central European Group take the most radical approach to the war ? Is it a matter of course what they wanted to do ? In fact , the Bosnian crisis was a preview of the First World War .

The Austrian - Hungarian empire , which has long been a plot of the Austro - Hungarian Empire , has long been a plot of the Austro - Hungarian Empire , and the Austro - Hungarian Empire has been unable to pursue overseas expansion , as the Austrian - Hungarian empire has long been a plot of the Austro - Hungarian Empire .

This paper will focus on the development and implementation of the two countries ' foreign policy , as well as the attitude of the two major military groups around the two countries . The structure of the whole is divided into four parts :

The first part mainly covers the relationship between the historical evolution process of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the geo - strategies of the two countries . At the same time , it illustrates the stimulating effect of the Anglo - Russian agreement on the country and the internal connection between the annexation plan .

The second part is the occurrence of the Bosnian crisis . This part mainly describes a series of preparations during the period of the beginning of the crisis in the Austrian nation from the crisis of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the formal implementation of the crisis of annexation , and it also relates to the talks in the world ' s diplomatic history , which is still a mystery , and has made a certain analysis of the talks .

The third part focuses on the whole text , mainly discusses the Austrian diplomatic game during the outbreak of the Bosnian crisis , which deals with the two countries ' role in convening an international conference , for Bulgaria and for the three aspects of Serbia .

The fourth part is divided into the impact of the Bosnian crisis , which highlights the impact of the Bosnian crisis on the main participating countries in the crisis and the impact on the international political order , and also sets out the inherent relationship between the crisis and the outbreak of war .

The consequences of the Bosnian crisis , in fact , show us the reality of power struggle in the international political environment . The expansion of individual ambition and national greed will increase the risk of international conflicts , especially when the major powers in the architecture try to maximize national interests . Therefore , to maintain international peace and stability , the major Powers are required to properly limit their expansion , to cooperate and exchange the violent struggle against the conflict of force and to draw lessons from the tragedy of human conflicts as much as possible on the basis of a win - win international mechanism .

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K142

【共引文献】