二战中纳粹德国闪击战各阶段之比较

发布时间：2018-04-11 01:39

本文选题：二战 + 纳粹德国　；参考：《山东师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 二战中,以纳粹德国为代表的法西斯国家以闪击战的形式袭击了其他国家,大部分国家在很短时间内或迅速灭亡或遭受很大损失,闪击战的威力震惊了世界。最终二战以德、意、日法西斯国家可耻的失败而结束。作为当时先进的作战理论,闪击战只是不幸被法西斯国家利用,闪击战理论本身并未消亡,相反,后人吸取了经验教训,运用到了当今的战争中。作为当时先进的作战理论,闪击战理论在最初的实施阶段,取得了明显的战果。但随着战争的深入,范围的扩大,闪击战的局限性也暴露出来。特别是纳粹德国的狂妄企图和其本身实力有限之间的矛盾,逐渐变得不可调和,纳粹德国的闪击战的威力大打折扣,最后在苏联破产。本文在吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,力争对二战中纳粹德国的闪击战做较为系统的研究,特别是着重对闪击战各阶段的比较。一般来说,闪击战就是充分运用机械化部队,集中优势兵力,不宣而战,快速突击,力图迅速制服敌人。但细致分析可以发现,闪击战在各阶段上是存在差异的。这些变动的因素不仅体现在军事战备、战术上,而且还表现在经济、政治和外交上。从这里出发,才可以更深入地理解当时闪击战短暂胜利后落幕的深层次原因。据此,本文展开分析与论述,大致可分五部分: 第一部分主要是界定闪击战的含义并介绍其由来。闪击战是当时条件下先进的机械化作战理论,它与通常理解的突然袭击不能等同。事实上,闪击战的战略思想古代亦有,只是在普鲁士时期、德意志统一时期才具有了闪击战的雏形,后经古德里安等人的深入研究,渐趋成熟,再加上希特勒的支持,二战时进行了多次实践。第二部分主要论述二战前,德国发动闪击战的背景及原因。二战的爆发,有着深刻的国内外原因,也即闪击战战争爆发的原因。另外,具体到闪击战,纳粹德国本身的主观考虑和当时的技术装备条件都使闪击战的实施成为可能。第三部分进行了闪击战前期胜利的比较。从1939年9月1日纳粹德国闪击波兰开始,中经1941年6月22日德国闪击苏联,可以这样说,在1941年、1942年之交莫斯科保卫战折戟沉沙之前,德国军队以摧枯拉朽之势,风卷残云般的席卷了欧洲、巴尔干和北非,令世界为之震惊。本节对闪击波兰、北欧与西欧、英国、巴尔干和北非的各阶段的特点进行了比较。第四部分论述了苏德战争和闪击战的失利。进攻苏联是希特勒一大战略转折,这也预示了闪击战的失败结局。本节在表述纳粹德国闪击战最后挣扎的同时,也从另一方面分析了反法西斯力量的壮大与联合,两相比较,闪击战最终破产。第五部分对纳粹德国闪击战的理论进行了评价并对其实践进行了总结。闪击战是先进的机械化作战理论,但不幸的是却为纳粹德国所利用,战争本身的不正义性质,决定了闪击战的胜利不会长久。闪击战仍对当今的战争有启示和警示作用。
[Abstract]:During World War II, in Nazi Germany, as the representative of the fascist countries in the form of Blitzkrieg attacks in other countries, most countries in a very short period of time or perish quickly or suffer great losses, the power of Blitzkrieg shocked the world. In the end of World War II in Germany, Italy, Japan fascist countries shameful defeat at the end. As the advanced the theory of operation, the blitzkrieg unfortunately used by fascist States, Blitzkrieg theory itself did not disappear, on the contrary, later learned, used in today's war.
As the advanced combat theory, Blitzkrieg theory in the initial implementation phase, and achieved remarkable results. But with the development of the war, the expansion of the scope and limitations of the blitzkrieg are exposed. Especially the Nazi Germany arrogant attempt and its own limited strength between the contradictions, gradually become irreconcilable, Nazi the German Blitzkrieg power greatly reduced, finally in the Soviet Union.
On the basis of absorbing the domestic and foreign research results, and strive for the blitzkrieg to do a more systematic study, especially focusing on the blitzkrieg phase comparison. In general, the blitzkrieg is to make full use of mechanized forces, concentrate superior forces, undeclared, rapid assault, trying to subdue the enemy quickly but careful analysis can be found, the Blitz is different in each stage. These changes include not only in the military, tactical combat readiness, but also in economic, political and diplomatic. From here, we can more deeply understand the deep-seated reasons that Blitzkrieg short after the victory ended accordingly, this paper analyzes and discusses, can be divided into five parts:
The first part is to define the meaning of the Blitzkrieg and the origin of the Blitzkrieg. Mechanized warfare theory is advanced under the conditions at that time, it is usually considered as a surprise attack cannot be equated with. In fact, the strategic thought of ancient Blitzkrieg also, only in the Prussian period, Deutsche has a prototype of a unified Blitzkrieg after in-depth study, Guderian et al, is gradually mature, coupled with the support of Hitler during World War II conducted several practice.
The second part mainly discusses before the Second World War, Germany launched the background and reasons of the blitz. The outbreak of World War II, a profound domestic and international background, the reasons for the outbreak of the war. In addition, specific to the Blitz, Nazi Germany itself and then consider the subjective conditions of technology and equipment made the implementation of Blitzkrieg becomes may.
The third part is the comparison of Blitzkrieg in the preliminary victory. From the beginning of September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany blitzed Poland, by June 22, 1941 the German attack the Soviet Union, it can be said that in 1941, before the turn of the 1942 battle of Moscow to destroy the German army with broken halberds defeat, pull dry rot, like The wind puffs the clouds away. swept through Europe, the Balkans and North Africa, the the world was shocked. This section of the blitz of Poland, northern Europe and Western Europe, the UK, characteristics of each stage in the Balkans and North Africa were compared.
The fourth part discusses the Sood war and defeat Blitzkrieg. Hitler attacked the Soviet Union which was a major strategic turning point, which indicates the failure of Blitzkrieg ending. This section in the last struggle expression of German Nazi Blitzkrieg at the same time, but also from the other aspects of the growth of anti fascist forces and joint, in contrast, Blitzkrieg the ruin.
The fifth part of the German Nazi Blitzkrieg theory was evaluated and its practice are summarized. The Blitz is an advanced theory of mechanized warfare, but unfortunately it was used by Nazi Germany, the war itself is not justice, decided the victory of the blitzkrieg was not long. Blitzkrieg still have inspiration and warning for today's war.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K152

【引证文献】