马尔托夫与孟什维克

发布时间：2018-04-11 13:40

本文选题：马尔托夫 + 孟什维克　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 孟什维克是俄国社会民主工党中的一个派别，是俄国革命中的一支重要力量。它在俄国革命史和国际共产主义运动史上都留下了不可磨灭的印记。马尔托夫是马克思主义在俄国的传播者和实践者之一，是俄国社会民主工党机关报《火星报》的主要创办者和编委会中的一员，是俄国革命运动中卓越的理论家和领导人之一。1903年俄国社会民主工党第二次代表大会上，马尔托夫与列宁的分歧引起了党的分裂，而后，他们分别成为孟什维克和布尔什维克的主要领导人。马尔托夫的一生与孟什维克运动和俄国革命运动紧密地联系在一起，并为俄国社会主义事业奋斗终生。长期以来，我们对马尔托夫和孟什维克的名字都比较熟悉，但是对马尔托夫与孟什维克的历史却知之不多。基于此，本文拟以《马尔托夫与孟什维克》为题，对马尔托夫的个人生平、早年政治活动及其与孟什维克运动进行初步探讨。本文的基本观点是：马尔托夫在父亲的影响下接触了自由主义思想和革命活动，尤其是赫尔岑的著作以及法国大革命等事件使他产生了投身革命的念头。他强烈的革命热情、渊博的知识、卓越的宣传组织才能、高尚的个人品德以及他对马克思主义的坚定信仰，使列宁开始把他视为革命道路上最可靠的同志。1900年，马尔托夫与列宁、波特列索夫共同创办了《火星报》，而后，他们为建立统一的俄国社会民主工党作了大量的准备工作。《火星报》编委会中，6位编辑的分歧成了俄国社会民主工党分裂的最大隐患。1903年，在俄国社会民主工党第二次代表大会上，马尔托夫与列宁在选举党的中央委员会和《火星报》新编委会中的分歧造成了党的最终分裂。1905年革命时，马尔托夫坚持无产阶级在资产阶级革命中不应夺取政权，反对列宁的工农民主专政思想。1905年革命后，他认为可以把杜马变成实现无产阶级革命目标的机构，主张参加杜马。第一次世界大战爆发后，马尔托夫在国外领导着孟什维克国际派，反对帝国主义战争和各国社会民主党内的沙文主义。俄国二月革命爆发时，马尔托夫与列宁都被第一次世界大战阻隔在苏黎世。在归国策略上，由于马尔托夫的优柔寡断，使他没能在革命的关键时刻返回俄国，也因此丧失了对孟什维克的领导权。这使他在整个1917年革命时期，对革命的发展没有产生太大的影响。十月革命后，马尔托夫反对布尔什维克政权。但是他认为布尔什维克的“根”是无产阶级的，可以通过施加压力的方式来“纠正”它，所以他支持布尔什维克政权反对国内反革命和帝国主义的武装干涉。1920年，经俄共(布)中央委员会批准，马尔托夫移居德国，直到1923年去世。本文共分五个部分来论述马尔托夫与孟什维克：第一部分，马尔托夫的早期活动。论述了马尔托夫怎样走上革命道路以及他与列宁早年的密切关系。第二部分，马尔托夫与孟什维克的形成。通过分析俄国社会民主工党第二次代表大会之前《火星报》编委会的分裂，代表大会上马尔托夫与列宁的政见分歧，本文认为孟什维克的形成是马尔托夫与列宁在俄国社会民主工党中央委员会和《火星报》新编委会选举上的分歧造成的，而不是我们通常所认为的在党员资格上的分歧造成的。第三部分，马尔托夫与1905年革命。本节论述了马尔托夫对1905年革命的认识、对待杜马的态度以及孟什维克与布尔什维克的彻底决裂。第四部分，1917年革命中的马尔托夫与孟什维克。通过分析马尔托夫在1917年革命时期的活动和策略，阐述了马尔托夫在这次革命中所扮演的角色。第五部分，十月革命后的马尔托夫与孟什维克。本节着重论述了马尔托夫在十月革命之后，，对布尔什维克政权的立场及其最后的革命活动。本文的创新之处在于：在国内首次系统地论述了马尔托夫与孟什维克运动的关系，着重分析了马尔托夫在孟什维克运动史上的地位和作用。
[Abstract]:Munshi Vic is a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, is an important force in the Russian Revolution. It has left an indelible mark in the history of the Russian Revolution and the history of international communist movement. Martov is the Marx doctrine in Russia and a practitioner of communication, is one of the main founder of the Russian Social Democratic Party < > the organ ISKRA and the editorial board, is one of the predominant theorists and leaders of the Russian revolutionary movement in the.1903 years of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in the second congress, Martov and Lenin differences caused by the party split, and then they become the main leaders of Munshi Vic and Bull J Vic. Martov's life and Munshi Vic and the Russian revolution movement closely together, and a life-long struggle for the cause of socialism in Russia. For a long time, we ma er Tov and Munshi Vic are all familiar with the name, but Martov and Munshi Vic know little about the history. Based on this, this article intends to "Martov and Munshi Vic" the title, personal life of Martov, his early political activities and the Munshi Vic movement are discussed.
The basic point is this: Martov contact the liberalism and revolutionary activities under the influence of his father, especially the works of Herzen and the French Revolution event inspired him to join the revolution. The idea of his strong revolutionary passion, profound knowledge, excellent propaganda and organizational skills, noble personal character and his Marx the doctrine of faith, that Lenin began to regard him as the most reliable comrade on the revolutionary road in.1900, Martov and Lenin, Potter Borisov co founded < ISKRA >, and then, they establish a unified Russian Social Democratic Labor Party made a lot of preparation. Mars Daily editorial board. The 6 editors divided into Russian Social Democratic Labor Party split the biggest hidden danger in.1903 years, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in the second congress, Martov and Lenin in the election of the Party Central Committee And the new Commission report > < Mars in the differences caused by the end of the party split.1905 years of revolution, Martov insisted that the proletariat should not seize power in the bourgeois revolution, against Lenin thought of worker peasant democratic dictatorship.1905 years after the revolution, he put into the Duma proletarian revolution of the organization, to participate in the proposition Duma. After the outbreak of the first World War, Martov led the Munshi Vic International School in foreign countries, and oppose the imperialist war and the Social Democratic Party chauvinism. The outbreak of the Russian February revolution, Martov and Lenin have been blocking the first World War in Zurich. In returning the strategy, because Martov could not make him irresolute and hesitant. Return to Russia in the critical moment of the revolution, as a result of the loss of Munshi Vic's leadership. This made him in the 1917 revolution, the revolution Development does not have much effect. After the October revolution, Martov opposed the Bull J Vic regime. But he believes that Bull J Vic is the "root" of the proletariat, by applying pressure to correct it, so he supported the Bull J Vic regime against the anti imperialist revolution and armed intervention by the Russian Communist Party (.1920, cloth) Central Committee approval, Martov moved to Germany, until his death in 1923.
This article is divided into five parts to discuss Martov and Munshi Vic.
The first part, Martov's early activities, discusses how Martov has embarked on the revolutionary road and his close relationship with Lenin's early years.
The second part, the formation of Martov and Munshi Vic. Through the analysis of "before the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in the second congress of Mars Tribune editorial board split, Congress Martov and Lenin's political differences, this paper argues that Munshi Vic is Martov and Lenin in the formation of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party Central Committee and the" newspaper "new elections to Mars the difference, rather than we usually think of Party membership in the differences caused.
The third part, Martov and the 1905 Revolution. This section discusses Martov's understanding of the 1905 Revolution, with Duma attitude and a complete break of Menshevik and Bull J Vic.
The fourth part, Martov and Menshevik after the revolution of 1917. Through the analysis of Martov's activities and strategies in the period of the 1917 revolution, expounds Martov played in the revolution in the role.
The fifth part, Martov and Menshevik after the October revolution. This section focuses on Martov in October after the revolution, the Bull J Vic regime's position and its revolutionary activities finally.
The innovation of this paper lies in: firstly and systematically discusses the relationship between Martov and Menshevik movement, focuses on the analysis of the status and role of Martov in the Menshevik campaign.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K512.4

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