英国与《澳新美同盟条约》（1945-1952）

发布时间：2018-04-15 16:33

本文选题：英国 + 澳大利亚　；参考：《首都师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1951年9月1日,美国、澳大利亚和新西兰代表在旧金山签署了《澳新美同盟条约》,这标志着澳新美同盟正式形成。本文主要探讨从二战后初期到澳新美同盟形成以及澳新美同盟理事会第一次会议召开这段时间里,英国的反应以及态度。在战后初期,澳大利亚为了寻求美国的保护,在不同时间、地点多次向美国表达,希望构建一个包括美国在内的太平洋条约,但美国对澳大利亚的建议不感兴趣,而英国也没有太大的反应。战后英国承认英联邦国家可以在本地区内承担防御责任,由于自己没有太多的精力去直接控制太平洋地区,所以认可了澳大利亚的建议,但并没有在行动上帮助澳大利亚。朝鲜战争爆发,形势发生了变化。美国为了加紧对日和约的进程,开始考虑澳大利亚的建议并提出了“岛屿链”方案,即太平洋公约草案(不包括英国)。英国对这个不包括自己的条约表示强烈反对。由于英国的反对,美国放弃了自己设想的太平洋条约,此时新西兰总理访问美国,双方就三方协议(澳、新、美)表示认同,英国并没有就三方协议表明自己的态度。美国总统特使杜勒斯访问澳大利亚,美、澳、新就三方协议进行了磋商,最后三方达成一致,但美国企图让菲律宾加入条约。面对这一状况,英国内阁最终决定接受三方条约但坚决反对菲律宾加入。美国采纳了英国的意见,放弃让菲律宾加入条约的打算。1951年9月1日,美国、澳大利亚和新西兰的代表在旧金山签署了《澳新美同盟条约》。英国政府更替,以丘吉尔为首的保守党上台后,试图介入同盟条约。但是不管怎么努力,英国的愿望始终没有实现,最后以丘吉尔为首的英国保守党政府不得不接受事实。
[Abstract]:On September 1, 1951, the representatives of the United States, Australia and New Zealand signed the Treaty of Alliance between Australia and New Zealand in San Francisco, which marked the formal formation of the alliance.This paper mainly discusses the reaction and attitude of Britain during the period from the beginning of the second World War to the formation of the Australia-New America alliance and the convening of the first meeting of the Council of the Australia-New America Alliance.In the early postwar period, in order to seek the protection of the United States, Australia repeatedly expressed to the United States at different times and places that it wanted to build a Pacific treaty, including the United States, but the United States was not interested in Australia's proposal.Britain, too, has not reacted much.After the war, Britain acknowledged that Commonwealth countries could assume defense responsibilities in the region, and because it did not have much energy to directly control the Pacific, it endorsed Australia's proposal, but did not act to help Australia.The situation changed when the Korean War broke out.In order to speed up the process of peace with Japan, the United States began to consider Australia's proposal and put forward the "island chain" proposal, namely, the draft Pacific Convention (excluding Britain).Britain strongly opposed the treaty, which did not include itself.As a result of British opposition, the United States abandoned its envisaged Pacific Treaty, when the New Zealand Prime Minister visited the United States and both sides agreed on the tripartite agreement (Australia, New Zealand, United States). Britain did not express its attitude on the tripartite agreement.U.S. special envoy Dulles visited Australia, the United States, Australia, the United States, the new trilateral agreement was negotiated, but the United States tried to let the Philippines join the treaty.Faced with this situation, the British Cabinet finally decided to accept the Tripartite Treaty but firmly opposed the Philippines.The United States adopted the British opinion and abandoned its intention to allow the Philippines to join the treaty. On September 1, 1951, representatives of the United States, Australia and New Zealand signed the Treaty of Alliance between Australia, Australia and New Zealand in San Francisco.Britain's government changed, Churchill led the Conservative Party came to power, trying to intervene in the alliance treaty.But no matter how hard Britain tried, Britain's wishes were never fulfilled, and the Conservative government, led by Churchill, had to accept the truth.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.5

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