20世纪60年代美国历史保护运动研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 18:26

本文选题：60年代 + 美国历史　；参考：《华东师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 二战结束后,为解决住房和交通等一系列问题,美国政府开展了“城市更新运动”和高速公路的建设,这使得许多历史建筑和历史遗迹遭到灭顶之灾。与此同时,城市建设和历史遗产保护的矛盾加剧,冲突和抗争时常发生。1963年,纽约著名历史建筑宾夕法尼亚州火车站被拆毁,这件事成为了60年代历史遗产保护运动高涨的导火索。随后,以“历史保护特别委员会”考察欧洲为标志,旨在建立完备的历史遗产管理与保护体系的历史保护运动拉开了帷幕。在历史保护国民信托基金会、历史保护特别委员会,美国总统约翰逊以及若干历史保护工作者的努力下,《国家历史保护法案》于1966年颁布,该法案的颁布是这次历史保护运动的重大成果,依照该法案,不仅建立了国家史迹咨询委员会和州史迹保护办公室等联邦及地方组织机构,确立了联邦政府在整个国家历史保护体系中的主导作用,而且还创立了被称为“美国历史保护体系的基石”的历史性场所国家登录制度,并通过“历史保护基金”和“第106条款审议”等各项政策使历史保护运动在各州得以全面展开。美国历史遗产保护体系此后正式确立。本文以历史保护运动为中心,在梳理整个美国历史保护体系发展过程的同时,着重研究这一运动产生的背景,联邦政府与地方政府的主要成果以及其对今后美国历史遗产保护等各个方面所产生的影响。
[Abstract]:After World War II, in order to solve a series of problems, such as housing and transportation, the United States government carried out a "urban renewal campaign" and highway construction, which caused many historical buildings and historical relics to be destroyed.At the same time, the conflict between urban construction and the preservation of historical heritage has intensified, and conflicts and protests have often occurred. In 1963, New York's famous historic building, the Pennsylvania Railway Station, was demolished.This incident became the 60 s historical heritage conservation movement soaring fuse.Subsequently, the historical conservation movement aimed at establishing a complete system of management and protection of historical heritage was launched, marked by the study of Europe by the Special Committee on the Protection of History.Thanks to the efforts of the National Trust for the Conservation of History, the Special Committee on the Protection of History, President Johnson of the United States and several historical conservationists, the National Historic Conservation Act was enacted in 1966.The enactment of the Act was a major achievement of the historic conservation campaign, which established not only federal and local organizations such as the National Historical Records Advisory Board and the State Office for the Conservation of Historical Records.Established the leading role of the federal government in the entire system of historical preservation of the country, and also created the historic place of national entry, known as the "cornerstone of the historical protection system of the United States",And through various policies, such as the Historical Conservation Fund and Article 106 Review, the historical conservation movement can be fully carried out in the states.The system of historical heritage protection in the United States has since been formally established.Taking the historical conservation movement as the center, this paper, while combing the whole development process of the historical protection system in the United States, focuses on the background of the movement.The main achievements of the federal and local governments and their impact on the future conservation of American historical heritage.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K712

【引证文献】