伊朗伊斯兰共和国研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 22:35

本文选题：伊朗 + 伊斯兰　；参考：《西北大学》2000年博士论文

【摘要】： 1979年伊朗爆发了震惊世界的伊斯兰革命，随之成立独具特色的伊斯兰共和国。二十年来，这个政权历经风风雨雨，但仍然屹立于中东大地。本文在中外学者研究的基础上，从宏观的历史层面全面分析这个政权的各种特征。全文共分六章，首先研究伊朗伊斯兰共和国建国的时代背景，指出伊朗是在拥有发达的文明的基础上实现伊斯兰化的，伊朗伊斯兰化的过程也伴随着伊斯兰伊朗化民族化的过程，什叶派教义含有深厚的伊朗民族主义思想。什叶派成为国教，说明什叶派教义成为伊朗传统的主流文化。伊朗进入近代以来，在沦为半殖地以后，，启动了现代化的车轮。伊朗现代化的第一步是西方化，巴列维王朝两代国王励精图治，依靠君主专制推进以西方化、世俗化、民族化为特征的现代化事业，伊朗成为一个发展中的资本主义国家。然而世俗化政策侵犯了什叶派教士的司法、教育、经济权益，瓦解了传统文化的根基，同时因为巴列维王朝现代化中种种失误，导致了人民和教士的不满，为伊朗现代原教旨主义的崛起提供了合适的土壤。第二章分析伊朗伊斯兰革命和伊斯兰共和国的立国理论，指出霍梅尼的理论是建立法吉赫领导的伊斯兰政府，他的理论中进步性与保守性同在，合理性片面性兼有，宗教性和人民性并收，偏激与开明混合。阿里·阿里亚梯的理论深受马列主义和社会主义影响，是第三世界反帝反封建的革命理论;纳瓦布·萨法维的理论是保守而偏激的伊斯兰原教旨主义理论;巴扎尔甘的理论明显接受西方资产阶级的自由、民主、平等、博爱的思想。第三章，作者分析伊斯兰共和国的建国过程，指出伊斯兰革命发端于世俗知识分子争取民主自由反对专制独裁的斗争，但随之革命和斗争伊斯兰化，形成以大阿亚图拉，“效法的源泉”霍梅尼为盟主的反国王统一战线。霍梅尼为首的宗教领导集团建立了伊斯兰革命委员会、革命法庭、革命卫队和伊斯兰共和党，镇压了统一战线内部的力量弱小、组织涣散的反对派，最终独占政权，通过了《伊朗伊斯兰共和国宪法》，全面控制了国家权力。第四章分析霍梅尼——哈梅内伊时期伊朗的政治、经济、文化以及外交情况，指出伊斯兰化是其时代特征，但伊斯兰化本身不完全是返回到穆罕默德时代和十二伊玛目时代，它含有强烈的革命性、时代性内容，是用民族化纠正巴列维王朝现代化的失误，是想推进现代化而拒绝西方化，是想独立自主而不愿依附于人，是想返朴归真而反对腐化堕落。第五章，指出哈梅内伊——拉夫桑贾尼上台后，伊朗在完善和坚持伊斯兰制度的同时，顺应时代要求和世界潮流，循序渐进地开始改革。通过修订宪法巩固了改革成果，通过自由化改革企图发展经济，通过务实的多边外交，打破了因为输出伊斯兰革命而造成的国际孤立地位，通过精简军队人数、伊斯兰革命卫队正规化、进口武器与 ===================
[Abstract]:In 1979, the Islamic revolution that shocked the world broke out in Iran, with the establishment of a unique Islamic Republic for twenty years.
This regime has gone through the wind and rain, but still stands in the Middle East. This article is based on the study of Chinese and foreign scholars from the macro.
The historical level of the view is a comprehensive analysis of the various features of this regime.
The full text is divided into six chapters. First, it studies the background of the times of Islamic Republic of Iran's founding, and points out that Iran is a developed one.
On the basis of civilization, Islamisation is realized, and the process of Islamisation of Iran is accompanied by the nationalization of Islamic Iran.
The Shiite doctrine contained deep Iran nationalism. The Shiite became a state religion, indicating that the Shiite teachings became the tradition of Iran.
The mainstream culture. Since Iran entered modern times, after being reduced to a semi colonization, the wheel of modernization has been started. The modernization of Iran has been modernized.
The first step is to the west of the Pahlavi Dynasty, the two generation of King hard, rely on the monarchy to promote western, secular people.
Iran became a developing capitalist country. However, the secularization policy was violated.
The judicature, education, economic rights and interests of the pies disintegrated the roots of traditional culture, at the same time because of the modernization of the Pahlavi Dynasty.
All sorts of mistakes led to the discontent of the people and the clergy, which provided a suitable soil for the rise of Iran's modern fundamentalism.
The two chapter analyzes the theory of Iran's Islamic Revolution and the Islamic Republic of the Republic of Islam, pointing out that Khomeini's theory is the establishment of the leader of the law.
The Islamic government, in which his theory is both progressive and conservativeness, is reasonable and one-sided, religious and popular.
Extreme, enlightened and mixed. Ali ladder theory deeply influence Arya Marxism Leninism liberalism and socialism, is the third world anti imperialist
Anti feudal revolutionary theory; and, the theory is conservative and radical Islamic fundamentalism theory; Zargan Pakistan
The theory of the western bourgeoisie is obviously accepted by the western bourgeoisie's freedom, democracy, equality, and fraternity. The third chapter, the author analyses Islam.
The Republic's founding process points out that the Islamic Revolution came from the struggle of the secular intellectuals to fight for democratic freedom against autocratic dictatorship
But, along with the Islamic Revolution and struggle, formed by the Grand Ayatollah Khomeini, as the source of "anti King chief
The United Front. The religious leadership group, led by Khomeini, established the Islamic Revolutionary Committee, the revolutionary court, the Revolutionary Guard and the Iraq.
The Islamic Republican Party, suppressed within the United Front was weak, poorly organized opposition, eventually passed the exclusive regime.
"Islamic Republic of Iran constitution", the overall control of the state power. The fourth chapter of the analysis of Khomeini Ali Khamenei period Iran
Lang's political, economic, cultural, and diplomatic conditions point out that Islamism is the characteristic of its times, but Islamism itself is not complete.
It is back to the age of Mohamed and the twelve Imam era. It has a strong revolutionary and epochal content, and it is nationalized.
The error of correcting the modernization of the Pahlavi Dynasty is to push forward the modernization and refusing the Westernization. It wants to be independent and unwilling to rely on it.
People want to recover the original simplicity and against corruption. The fifth chapter pointed out that, after Khamenei Rafsanjani took office, in Iran
While improving and adhering to the Islamic system, we should follow the demands of the times and the trend of the world and start the reform step by step.
The constitution consolidates the results of the reform, attempts to develop the economy through liberalized reform, and breaks through the pragmatic multilateral diplomacy.
The international isolation of the Islamic revolution, by streamlining the number of the army, the normalization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards, and the import of the military
And
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【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K373.5

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