联邦政府与第一条横贯大陆铁路的修建

发布时间：2018-04-17 03:14

本文选题：第一条横贯大陆铁路 + 联邦政府　；参考：《首都师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 19世纪20年代，美国开始有人提出修建横贯大陆铁路的计划，1862年国会颁布了《太平洋铁路法案》，该法案颁布后，第一条横贯大陆铁路得以修建。第一第横贯大陆铁路的修建对美国社会的政治、经济等各方面产生了深远的影响。本文主要对第一条横贯大陆铁路计划的演变、政府对其政策的实施以及产生的影响进行研究探讨。全文共分为三章：第一章主要论述早期横贯大陆铁路计划的提出和演变，以及政府对其的态度。早在19世纪20年代，就有人提出了修建横贯大陆铁路的构想，但由于地理条件、技术水平、政治因素等原因的限制，这个计划没能够付诸实施。1845年，惠特尼计划提出。惠特尼的积极推动使横贯大陆铁路计划成为国会中的一个重要议题。联邦政府开始了对它的讨论。但是，这一时期地区利益的冲突，使得横贯大陆铁路计划实施困难重重。第二章主要论述《太平洋铁路法案》颁布的原因以及第一条横贯大陆铁路的修建。1861年内战的爆发，，为国会通过横贯大陆铁路计划创造了条件；同时，内战也使得修建横贯大陆铁路成为一个紧迫的任务。正是这种机缘巧合促使了1862年《太平洋铁路法案》的颁布。该法案颁布后，横贯大陆铁路终于破土动工。由于正值内战时期，横贯大陆铁路建设的初期遭遇到劳动力不足、资金缺乏等困难。1864年国会对《太平洋铁路法案》进行了修定，赠予的土地和贷款翻了一番。1865年，内战结束。这时横贯大陆铁路的修建速度加快，1869年第一条横贯大陆铁路建成。第三章主要论述第一条横贯大陆铁路修建所产生的影响。第一条横贯大陆铁路的修建促使联邦政府开始大规模赠予铁路公司土地，因此铁路建设进入了高速发展的时期。19世纪末，5条横贯大陆铁路相继建成，美国建成了比较完善的交通运输网。第一条横贯大陆铁路的修建也促进了西部移民。为保护西部移民，铁路公司和军队的联系进一步加强。在横贯大陆铁路的建设过程中，出现了贪污腐败问题，导致了公众对其的不满，政府开始对铁路进行管制。同时，西部移民也渐渐地增多，移民和铁路公司为争夺土地矛盾加剧。最终，1871年，联邦政府停止了对铁路公司的土地赠予。
[Abstract]:In the 1820s, the United States began to put forward a plan to build a transcontinental railway. Congress enacted the Pacific Railway Act in 1862, after which the first transcontinental railway was built.The construction of the first Transcontinental Railway had a profound impact on American politics, economy and so on.This paper mainly discusses the evolution of the first transcontinental railway, the government's policy implementation and its influence.The full text is divided into three chapters:The first chapter mainly discusses the development of the early Transcontinental Railway and the attitude of the government to it.As early as the 1820s, some people put forward the idea of building a transcontinental railway, but due to geographical conditions, technical level, political factors and other reasons, the plan could not be put into practice. In 1845, the Whitney Plan was put forward.Whitney's aggressive push made the Transcontinental Railway an important issue in Congress.The federal government began to discuss it.However, the conflict of regional interests during this period made the implementation of the Transcontinental Railway difficult.The second chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the enactment of the Pacific Railway Act and the construction of the first transcontinental railway. The outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 created the conditions for Congress to pass the Transcontinental Railway Plan; at the same time,The civil war also made it an urgent task to build a transcontinental railway.It was this coincidence that led to the enactment of the Pacific Railway Act of 1862.After the enactment of the bill, the transcontinental railway finally broke ground.Due to the civil war, the transcontinental railway was initially faced with labor shortages and lack of funds. Congress amended the Pacific Railway Act in 1864, doubling land and loans. The Civil War ended in 1865.The construction of the transcontinental railway accelerated, and the first transcontinental railway was built in 1869.The third chapter mainly discusses the influence of the construction of the first transcontinental railway.The construction of the first transcontinental railway prompted the federal government to begin to grant large-scale land to railway companies, so railway construction entered a period of rapid development. At the end of the 19th century, five transcontinental railways were built one after another.The United States has built a relatively complete transportation network.The construction of the first transcontinental railway also facilitated immigration to the west.Links between railway companies and the military have been strengthened to protect western migrants.During the construction of the Trans-Continental Railway, corruption and corruption caused public discontent, and the government began to regulate the railway.At the same time, immigration to the West is also increasing, and conflicts between migrants and railway companies over land are intensifying.Eventually, in 1871, the federal government stopped giving land to the railroad company.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.4

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