斯巴达海军将领莱山德研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 04:25

本文选题：莱山德 + 斯巴达海军　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：莱山德(454-395BC)是斯巴达海军的最高指挥官,他有着传奇的一生。他虽出生在斯巴达一个没落的贵族家庭——赫拉克莱迪家族,但是他有着超人的军事谋略,并且擅于交际,在斯巴达的外交方面也有所作为,因此在伯罗奔尼撒战争后期,成为了影响战局的风云人物。伯罗奔尼撤战争爆发后,作战双方互有胜负,但雅典的在海军方面的实力远超斯巴达,致使斯巴达在战争中处于被动地位。自公元前407年开始,莱山德担任了斯巴达海军将领,他首先与波斯小王子小居鲁士谈判成功取得了至关重要的资金支持,后全心致力于斯巴达海军实力的提高,最终在羊河口战役中并取得了决定性的胜利结束了长达27年的伯罗奔尼撒战争。战争结束之后,莱山德凭借战争中的军功赢得得无尚的荣誉和权力,他欲建霸权的野心也暴露无遗。因此,在希腊世界中,他以武力为后盾,将寡头统治强加于爱琴海和小亚细亚诸城邦,并且在经济方面加以剥削,一步步建立斯巴达霸权。而建立斯巴达霸权的同时,也间接地加速了斯巴达霸权的衰落。因为莱山德的霸权外交加剧了希腊世界对斯巴达的怨恨,最终导致了斯巴达在科林斯战争中的孤立无助。再加之,莱山德带回的金银战利品,改变了城邦原有的经济面貌和社会价值观,加速了斯巴达城邦本身城邦危机的到来。这一切又间接地加速了斯巴达霸权的陨落。但是,斯巴达霸权衰落的根本原因在于,斯巴达本身无论是从政治上还是经济上都不是最先进的,它注定不能成为希腊的领导者。总之,战争能够快速结束和战后的斯巴达霸权都与莱山德有密不可分的联系,他一生的所作所为对希腊世界产生了很大的影响,所以不论古人还是后人对其评价都是褒贬不一。
[Abstract]:Lysander 454-395BC) was the supreme commander of the Spartan Navy and had a legendary life.He was born in Sparta, a fallen aristocratic family, the Heracledi family, but he had a superhuman military strategy, was good at communication, and made a difference in Spartan's diplomacy, so in the late Peloponnesian War,He became the man who influenced the war.After the Peloponne War broke out, the two sides won and lost each other, but Athens's naval strength far exceeded that of Sparta, which resulted in Sparta's passive position in the war.Since 407 BC, Lysander has been Spartan's admiral. He first succeeded in negotiating vital financial support with the little Persian prince Cyrus, and then devoted himself to the improvement of Sparta's naval strength.At the end of the Battle of Sheep Estuary and decisive victory ended the 27-year Peloponnesian War.After the war, Lysander won unshakable honor and power by virtue of his military achievements in the war, and his ambition to build hegemony was also revealed.Therefore, in the Greek world, he imposed oligarchy on the Aegean Sea and the Asian States of Asia minor, and exploited it in economic aspects, and gradually established Spartan hegemony.The establishment of Spartan hegemony, but also indirectly accelerated the decline of Spartan hegemony.Because Lysander's hegemonic diplomacy intensified the Greek world's resentment against Sparta and ultimately led to Spartan's isolation in the Collins War.In addition, the gold and silver spoils brought back by Lysander changed the original economic outlook and social values of the city-states, and accelerated the arrival of the city-state crisis in Spartan itself.All this indirectly accelerated the fall of Spartan hegemony.But the fundamental reason for the decline of Sparta's hegemony is that Sparta itself is not the most advanced politically or economically, and it is destined not to be the leader of Greece.In short, the rapid end of the war and the post-war Spartan hegemony are inextricably related to Lesander, his life of behavior has a great impact on the Greek world, so whether the ancients or descendants of its evaluation is mixed.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K125

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