试析福特政府对美苏限制战略武器谈判的政策

发布时间：2018-04-18 05:20

本文选题：限制战略武器谈判 + 军备控制　；参考：《东北师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 核武器的巨大破坏力量让人们几乎在其产生之时就不得不思考这样一个问题:如何更好地控制它们。从艾森豪威尔政府开始,美国便开始摸索一条限制战略武器之路,期间经过肯尼迪和约翰逊政府的实践,终于在尼克松政府时期得以确立,限制战略武器谈判正式开启。福特上台后,继续执行对苏“缓和”的外交政策,第二阶段限制战略武器谈判得以延续。通过海参崴与赫尔辛基首脑会谈,美苏双方进一步缩小分歧,在进攻性战略武器运载工具总量以及多弹头分导重返大气层运载工具总量等问题上达成共识,但双方在“逆火”式轰炸机以及巡航导弹等关键领域都不肯让步,致使谈判最终没有达成正式协议,也使这一时期的限制战略武器谈判以失败告终。福特时期的限制战略武器谈判由于没有签订重要条约而往往被人忽视。本文利用美国政府的大量原始解密档案并借鉴相关的研究成果,试图追溯福特政府时期美苏限制战略武器谈判的轨迹,进而揭示这一时期限制战略武器谈判失败的原因及其实质。研究此问题,有助于更好地理清谈判过程的全貌,并对福特政府时期的美苏关系有一个更清楚的认识。本文在综合运用国际关系理论的基础上,对美国政府解密文件进行了细致的分析整理,最终试图说明如下问题:(1)限制战略武器谈判是美苏确认相互核威慑的结果;(2)限制战略武器谈判是均势的表现;(3)福特政府时期的限制核武器谈判一直没有取得实质性进展,主要原因是双方都不愿放弃自身的优势以及美苏之间的不信任。此外,当时国际、国内因素也不利于美苏间的缓和,福特总统的个人局限性也束缚了谈判的进一步发展;(4)虽然谈判以失败告终,但这一时期的限制战略武器谈判起到了承上启下的作用,它继承了尼克松执政时期限制战略武器的良好势头,又为卡特执政时期达成第二阶段限制战略武器协议奠定了重要的基础。
[Abstract]:The destructive power of nuclear weapons has forced people to think about how to better control them almost immediately.From the Eisenhower Administration, the United States began to explore a way to limit strategic weapons. During the practice of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, it was finally established during the Nixon administration, and the negotiations on the limitation of strategic arms were formally opened.After Ford came to power, he continued his foreign policy of "detente" with the Soviet Union, and the second phase of Strategic Arms limitation talks continued.Through the summit talks between Vladivostok and Helsinki, the United States and the Soviet Union further narrowed their differences and reached consensus on such issues as the total number of delivery vehicles for strategic offensive weapons and the total number of multi-warhead sub-guided re-entry vehicles.However, the two sides refused to give ground in key areas such as counter-fire bombers and cruise missiles, resulting in no formal agreement in the negotiations and the failure of strategic arms limitation negotiations during this period.Strategic Arms limitation negotiations during Ford were often ignored because of the absence of an important treaty.Using a large number of original declassified files of the US government and relevant research results, this paper attempts to trace back the track of the US-Soviet strategic arms limitation negotiations during the Ford administration.Then it reveals the reason and essence of the failure of the negotiations on limiting strategic arms in this period.Studying this issue will help us to better understand the whole of the negotiation process and have a clearer understanding of the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Ford administration.Based on the comprehensive application of the theory of international relations, this paper makes a detailed analysis and arrangement of the documents declassified by the US government.Finally, I tried to explain the following question: (1) Strategic Arms limitation negotiations are the result of the US and Soviet Union confirming mutual nuclear deterrence. 2) Strategic Arms limitation negotiations are a manifestation of the balance of power. 3) during the Ford administration's negotiations on nuclear arms limitation, there has been no substantial progress.The main reason is the reluctance of both sides to give up their strengths and mistrust between the US and the Soviet Union.In addition, at that time, international and domestic factors were also not conducive to the relaxation between the United States and the Soviet Union. President Ford's personal limitations also constrained the further development of the negotiations.However, the strategic arms limitation negotiations during this period played an important role in connecting the past with the following. It inherited the good momentum of restricting strategic weapons during the Nixon administration.It also laid an important foundation for the conclusion of the second Strategic Arms limitation Agreement under Carter.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54

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