试论古代罗马帝国的葬式及其变化

发布时间：2018-04-19 06:52

本文选题：罗马帝国 + 葬式　；参考：《学术研究》2012年02期

【摘要】：罗马人最初流行的土葬,与古人入土为安的观念有关;随后由于战争的影响,火葬在罗马人当中盛行起来。公元1世纪后期达于鼎盛的火葬,既是罗马奴隶制繁荣的产物,也是希腊灵肉二元论思想影响的结果。从3世纪开始,土葬又重新成为罗马帝国中主要流行的葬式,这是由当时社会历史条件的变更所造成的。在当时,土葬是一种比火葬要便宜得多的葬式,3世纪的社会经济危机既造成了较高的死亡率,又导致了生活的普遍贫困化,因此,大部分人选择用土葬方式埋葬自己的亲人。异教民众当中土葬方式的推行,与基督徒的土葬传统不谋而合,这对于基督教在帝国内的传播是一个有利的契机。基督教的土葬在外表形式上继承自犹太教,但其思想内容却渊源于肉体复活论。这种理论既造就了一种中庸和自然主义的死亡观,也促成了一种简朴和实用的葬俗。
[Abstract]:The first popular Roman burial was related to the ancient idea of burial; later cremation flourished among the Romans as a result of the war.Cremation, which reached its peak in the late 1st century AD, was not only the product of the prosperity of Roman slavery, but also the result of Greek spirit and flesh dualism.From the third century, burial became the main popular burial style in the Roman Empire again, which was caused by the change of social and historical conditions at that time.At that time, burial was a kind of burial style which was much cheaper than cremation. The social and economic crisis in the third century not only resulted in higher mortality rate, but also resulted in the widespread poverty of life. Therefore, most people chose to bury their relatives by burial.The practice of interment among the pagan people coincides with the tradition of Christian burial, which is a favorable opportunity for the spread of Christianity in the Empire.Christian burial inherits from Judaism in appearance, but its ideological content originates from the theory of physical resurrection.This theory not only creates a mediocre and naturalistic view of death, but also contributes to a simple and practical burial custom.
【作者单位】：华南师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科项目广东省哲学社会科学项目“罗马帝国时代基督教通俗信仰研究”(07JA770025;07I03)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K126

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