安东尼斯库时期罗马尼亚的外交抉择（1940-1944）

发布时间：2018-04-20 03:32

本文选题：安东尼斯库 + 罗马尼亚　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：安东尼斯库当政时期,正值罗马尼亚加入轴心国集团、追随法西斯德国发动苏德战争的时期。国内外学者对这一阶段罗马尼亚外交政策的研究,主要集中于罗德关系上。实际上,安东尼斯库执政时的对外关系除了罗德关系这个明线之外,还有一条暗线贯穿其中,即米哈伊·安东尼斯库与马纽等人对盟国的“和平试探”政策。这两条外交路线互为表里,是安东尼斯库统治下的罗马尼亚各界迫于当时的国内外形势,为争取国家的主权和领土完整积极努力地反映。在苏德战争初期,安东尼斯库顺利地收复了比萨拉比亚与北布科维纳。但是随着战争的推进,由于装备的落后陈旧,罗马尼亚在东线战场上损失惨重。斯大林格勒战争失败之后,罗马尼亚国内的反战呼声日高,安东尼斯库也意识到德国正在走向失败,在他的默许之下,安东尼斯库政府副首相米哈伊·安东尼斯库①及全国农民党领袖马纽等人开始了对盟国的“和平试探”行动,试图与盟国达成谅解,结束同德国的同盟关系。安东尼斯库最终在国内的反对浪潮中被米哈伊国王罢免,罗德同盟关系也完全破裂,罗马尼亚走上了协助盟国对德宣战的道路。在二战之后,罗马尼亚被强行纳入了苏联的势力范围中。本文共分五个部分：第一部分简述了安东尼斯库上台之前的罗马尼亚外交政策,主要包括依靠法国的“集体安全外交”和偏向德国的“大国平衡外交”两个部分,这为安东尼斯库亲德外交政策的确立奠定了基础。第二部分介绍了安东尼斯库上台及其亲德外交政策的确立过程,指出安东尼斯库上台是内外因共同作用的结果,突出国内因素的决定作用,而德国因素只是其中的一个方面。安东尼斯库第一次访问德国的成功,确立了其亲德外交政策。第三部分首先介绍了安东尼斯库铲除“铁卫团”建立独裁政权的过程,接着详细论述了苏德战争爆发后罗马尼亚与德国在政治、经济和军事上的关系。苏德战争爆发后安东尼斯库立即向苏联宣战是其亲德外交政策的具体表现；两国在经济上的联系是罗德关系得以巩固的基础,特别表现在德国对罗马尼亚以石油为主的战略物资的需求与控制上；在东线战场上,罗马尼亚与德国的关系随着战争的推进发生着变化,从战争爆发到占领敖德萨地区为止,是罗德关系发展的黄金时期,斯大林格勒战争失败之后,两国之间的分歧逐渐加剧,在德国胜利无望的局势下,罗马尼亚国内各界将目光转向盟国。文章的第四部分论述了两个问题：罗马尼亚对盟国的“和平试探”政策以及盟国的反应。在第一个问题上,笔者主要论述了米哈伊·安东尼斯库在执行“和平试探”政策时的相关外交举措,而关于罗马尼亚国内反对派的“和平试探”则主要集中在介绍马纽的活动上。第二个问题主要介绍了盟国对“和平试探”的反应,集中论述了英、美、苏三大国的态度。第五部分为结语,对整篇文章做了总结。总体来说,安东尼斯库时期罗马尼亚明暗两条外交线路的形成,是作为小国弱国的罗马尼亚,在二战的背景下,面对困境时“被动适应”与“积极抉择”的结果。
[Abstract]:During the period of Antonescu's administration, it was the time that Romania joined the axis group and followed the period of the Sood war in which fascist Germany launched the war. The domestic and foreign scholars' research on this stage of Romania's foreign policy was mainly focused on the relationship of Rhodes. In fact, the foreign relations of antonice in power were beyond the Rhodes relationship, There is also a dark line that runs through the "peaceful test" policy of Mihai Antonescu and Ma new et al. These two diplomatic lines are interrelated to the situation at the time of the time of the Romania, under antonis's rule, and to actively reflect on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country.
In the early days of the Sood war, Antonio successfully recovered bakabobi and North bakonwiener. But as the war went on, Romania was losing heavily on the eastern front because of its outdated outdated equipment. After the defeat of the Stalingrad war, the anti war call in Romania was high and Antonescu realized that Germany was in the right place. Under his acquiescence, Mihai Antonescu, Deputy Prime Minister of Antonescu administration and nu Nu, the leader of the National Peasant Party, began a "peaceful test" of the allies, trying to reach an understanding with the allies and ending the alliance with Germany. Anthony finally was Mihai in a wave of domestic opposition. The king's recall, the Rhodes alliance broke up completely, and Romania was on the way to assist the allies to declare war on Germany. After World War II, Romania was forcibly included in the Soviet sphere of influence.
This article is divided into five parts:
The first part briefly describes the foreign policy of Romania before Antonescu comes to power, mainly including two parts that rely on French "collective security diplomacy" and "balance diplomacy of great powers" to Germany, which lays the foundation for the establishment of Antonescu's Pro German diplomatic policy.
The second part introduces the process of establishing Antonescu and his pro German diplomatic policy, and points out that Antonescu's coming to power is the result of the common role of internal and external factors, highlighting the decisive role of domestic factors, and the German factor is only one of them.
The third part first introduces the process of eradicating the dictatorship of the "Iron Guard" by antonicu, and then discusses in detail the relationship between Romania and Germany in politics, economy and military after the outbreak of Sood's war. After the outbreak of Sood's war, Anton Nisko's immediate declaration of war on the Soviet Union is a concrete manifestation of his pro German diplomatic policy; The economic connection is the basis for the consolidation of Rhodes's relations, especially in the demand and control of the German oil based strategic materials in Romania. On the eastern front, the relations between Romania and Germany have changed with the advance of the war, and from the outbreak of the war to the occupation of the Odessa region, the relationship between the Rhodes and the Odessa is a relationship. In the golden period of the exhibition, after the failure of the Stalingrad war, the differences between the two countries were gradually intensifying. In the situation of hopeless victory in Germany, all walks of life in Romania turned to the allies.
The fourth part of the article discusses two questions: Romania's "peaceful trial" policy and the alliance's reaction to the allies. On the first question, the author mainly discusses the relevant diplomatic initiatives of Mihai Antonescu in the implementation of the policy of "peaceful testing", and the "peaceful test" of the domestic opposition in Romania. The main focus is on the introduction of Ma's activities. The second issues mainly introduce the response of the allies to "peaceful testing", and focus on the attitude of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union in the three countries.
The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizing the whole article. In general, the formation of two diplomatic lines in Romania Ming and dark period in Antonescu period is the result of "passive adaptation" and "positive choice" in the face of difficult situation in the context of World War II, as the weak state of Romania in small countries.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K542.42

【引证文献】