美国殖民地时期德意志移民探析

发布时间：2018-04-20 13:55

本文选题：北美殖民地 + 德意志移民　；参考：《华东师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 今年是北美殖民活动纪念400周年，而德意志人又是最早移民北美的族群之一。虽然早期德意志移民在北美殖民地的人数并不占首位，他们中的大部分人也不属于饱学的知识型移民，但他们为北美殖民地的建设和美国的建立所做的贡献同样是不容忽视的。本文通过对美国殖民地时期的德意志移民的历史背景、来美后的生活状况以及他们在美国独立战争中的表现的论述，从经济、文化、政治三个方面探讨早期德意志移民对北美殖民地的影响，分析他们为美国的创建所作的贡献。美国殖民地时期的德意志移民历尽沧桑：在欧洲他们备受战火蹂躏、专制压迫和宗教迫害；离乡背井、远涉重洋来到北美殖民地后，他们中的大部分人又沦为契约奴。面对如此艰难的生活，早期德意志移民没有退缩和气馁。他们积极开垦边疆，努力维护自己的文化和宗教传统，并为独立战争和美国的建立作出了巨大的贡献。全文由前言、正文和结语三部分组成。前言部分论述了选择研究早期德意志移民的原因，对国内外关于德意志移民，特别是早期德意志移民的研究现状进行梳理，并界定了“德意志移民”的概念。正文包括四章。第一章是介绍早期德意志人移民北美的历史背景。通过对17世纪德意志的状况、英国殖民政策的变化和北美诱人的生活环境的分析比较，，从拉力和推力两方面梳理早期德意志移民的原因。第二章介绍早期德意志移民在北美生活的艰辛历程，并分析独立战争前德意志移民在北美殖民地的分布特点和定居情况。尽管早期德意志移民历尽千辛万苦，甚至是冒生命危险才能来到北美，但他们很快就适应了那里的生活。到独立战争前夕，在北美殖民地生活的德意志移民人数有22.5万，约占当时殖民地人数的1／10。他们的定居点在当时英属殖民地的西部边疆自北向南几乎组成一条连续不端的锁链。早期德意志移民在他们的农业社区中过着封闭式的生活，以此保持他们的文化和语言。第三章着重描写早期德意志移民在美国独立战争中的卓越表现。文章首先分析德意志移民积极投入战争的原因，并描述了德意志移民的英勇事迹，最后分析独立战争的胜利对德意志移民的影响。第四章则从经济、文化和政治三个方面分析早期德意志移民对北美殖民地的影响和贡献。结语在前言和正文的基础上结合大的历史背景，总结这一时期德意志移民的主要特点。早期德意志移民大部分都是难民，基本没有受过什么教育，但他们积极地面对生活，用自己的方式为殖民地的发展做出了贡献，他们勤劳节俭、吃苦耐劳的精神值得我们学习。由于专业水平的局限，本文的不足在所难免，但希望能对美国德意志移民的阶段性研究起到一定的帮助。
[Abstract]:This year marks the 400th anniversary of the colonization of North America, and the Germans were among the first to emigrate to North America. Although the early German immigrants did not occupy the first place in the North American colonies, and most of them did not belong to the well-educated knowledge immigrants, their contribution to the construction of the North American colonies and the establishment of the United States could not be ignored. This paper discusses the historical background of the German immigrants in the American colonial period, their living conditions after they came to the United States and their performance in the American War of Independence, from the perspective of economy and culture. Three aspects of politics explored the influence of early German immigrants on the North American colonies and analyzed their contribution to the founding of the United States. The German immigrants of the American colonial period had a long history: they were ravaged by war, oppressed by tyranny, and persecuted by religion in Europe, and most of them became indentured slaves when they left their homes and traveled abroad to the colonies of North America. Faced with such a difficult life, early German immigrants did not back down and discouraged. They made great contributions to the War of Independence and the establishment of the United States. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface discusses the reasons for choosing to study early German immigrants, combs the current research situation of German immigrants at home and abroad, especially the early German immigrants, and defines the concept of "German immigrants". The text consists of four chapters. The first chapter introduces the historical background of the early German immigrants to North America. Through the analysis and comparison of the situation of Germany in the 17th century, the change of British colonial policy and the attractive living environment in North America, the causes of the early German immigrants were analyzed in terms of pull and thrust. The second chapter introduces the hard life of the early German immigrants in North America, and analyzes the distribution and settlement of the German immigrants in the North American colonies before the Revolutionary War. Although early German immigrants struggled and even risked their lives to come to North America, they quickly adapted to life there. By the eve of the Revolution, the number of German immigrants living in the colonies of North America was 225000, about a tenth of the number of colonies at that time. Their settlements almost formed a chain of missteps from north to south on the Western Frontier of the British colonies. Early German immigrants lived a closed life in their farming communities to preserve their culture and language. Chapter three focuses on the outstanding performance of early German immigrants in the American War of Independence. This paper first analyzes the reasons why German immigrants actively engaged in the war, and describes the heroic deeds of German immigrants, and finally analyzes the impact of the victory of the War of Independence on German immigrants. Chapter four analyzes the influence and contribution of early German immigrants to North American colonies from three aspects: economy, culture and politics. On the basis of preface and text, the conclusion summarizes the main characteristics of German immigrants in this period. Most of the early German immigrants were refugees, with little education, but they actively faced life and contributed in their own way to the development of the colony. They were industrious and frugal, and the spirit of hard work and hard work was worth learning from. Because of the limitation of professional level, the deficiency of this paper is unavoidable, but I hope it will be helpful to the stage research of American German immigrants.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.3

【引证文献】