英国1948年《儿童法》研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 08:54

本文选题：1948年《儿童法》 + 英国　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国是世界上最早对儿童进行立法保护的国家。第二次世界大战后,大量被剥夺了正常家庭生活的儿童需要政府的照顾。《济贫法》的废除和公众运动的开展给英国政府造成了极大的社会压力。尤其是丹尼斯·奥尼尔(Denis O'Neill)案暴露了英国行政职能的重叠和混乱,导致了民众的强烈不满。政府任命委员会对被剥夺了正常家庭生活的儿童展开社会调查。根据调查结果,柯蒂斯委员会提出了一系列的调查建议,并发表了《柯蒂斯报告》。英国议会和社会各界对柯蒂斯委员会主席的任命及其报告展开了讨论。《柯蒂斯报告》为《儿童法》的制定提供了依据和参考。英国议会多次讨论并最终通过了儿童法案。1948年7月5日,《儿童法》正式生效。1948年《儿童法》是英国保护儿童立法史上的里程碑,它使英国进入了看护儿童的新时代。与德美日等国的儿童立法相比,英国1948年《儿童法》在为非正常家庭的儿童提供保护和福利方面领先于其他国家,并率先将儿童保护立法纳入福利国家的建设中。从长远看,《儿童法》不仅明确了行政责任,为儿童带来了巨大的利益和持久的援助,也有利于促进英国社会生活新秩序的建立。但实践发现,法案的部分内容太过理想化,儿童的权益并没有得到充分的保障,英国社会也依然存在忽视和虐待儿童的现象。
[Abstract]:Britain is the first country in the world to protect children by legislation. After the second World War, a large number of children deprived of normal family life needed the care of the government. The abolition of the Poverty Relief Act and the launching of the public movement caused great social pressure to the British Government. Dennis O'Neill, in particular, exposed the overlap and confusion in Britain's executive functions and led to strong public discontent. The appointment Committee of the Government conducts a social inquiry into children deprived of normal family life. Based on the findings, the Curtis Commission made a series of recommendations and published the Curtis report. The appointment of the chairman of the Curtis Committee and its report were discussed in the British Parliament and various sectors of the society. The Curtis report provided the basis and reference for the enactment of the Children's Act. The Children's Act came into effect on July 5, 1948. The Children's Act 1948 is a milestone in the history of British child protection legislation, and it makes Britain enter a new era of child care. Compared with the child legislation of Germany, America and Japan, the British Child Act 1948 is ahead of other countries in providing protection and welfare for children in abnormal families, and has taken the lead in bringing child protection legislation into the construction of welfare state. In the long run, the Children's Act not only clarifies the administrative responsibility, brings great benefits and lasting assistance to children, but also promotes the establishment of a new order of British social life. However, it is found that some of the contents of the Act are too idealized, the rights and interests of children are not fully protected, and there is still neglect and abuse of children in British society.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.5

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