魏玛共和国初期的东西方外交研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 01:16

  本文选题：魏玛 + 东西方外交　； 参考：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 处于德意志第二帝国和第三帝国之间的魏玛共和国在很多方面体现了德国历史的连续性特征,例如其外交所肩负的根本任务就是恢复一战前德意志第二帝国在政治、经济、乃至军事上的世界大国地位。本文就试图以魏玛共和国初期的东西方外交为切入点,分析德国在战败的困境下,在改变了的国际格局中,如何不断探索摆脱孤立、寻求修约的道路的。 除绪论外,正文分为五章。第一章分别从三个方面论述了影响魏玛共和国初期东西方外交政策的各种因素。通过对1870-1918年德国东西方外交政策的历史回顾,理清了魏玛共和国初期东西方外交政策的历史渊源;通过对战后德国政治、经济、军事和社会形势的分析,简单地勾略了这一时期影响德国东西方外交政策的国内因素;通过对战后国际形势及东西方各国外交目的的分析,概括了这一时期德国东西方外交所面临的国际环境。 第二章论述的是魏玛共和国建国之初的东西方外交政策。面对国内的混乱和国际上的孤立,为了稳定建立不久的共和国,德国政府艰难地平衡着来自东西两方面的威胁。在西方,德国政府希望依靠国内的压力和英美的支持达到修约的目的;在东方,德国希望通过德俄关系的缓和一方面给协约国施加压力,另一方面为以后德国外交保留一个可能的选择。 第三章论述的是维尔特政府时期德国的东西方外交政策。鉴于前一阶段的失败,维尔特上台后发展了前任的东西方外交政策。在西方,他希望通过“履行和约政策”以合作、而不是对抗的方式达到修约的目的;在东方,他通过《拉巴洛条约》不仅实现了德俄政治关系的正常化,而且间接地带来了德俄经济、军事合作的进展,从而为德国摆脱《凡尔赛和约》的束缚提供了更大的空间。 第四章论述的是古诺政府时期德国的东西方外交政策。由于德国国内政治、经济的恶化以及法国对德政策的日趋强硬,古诺上台后,德国东西方外交政策出现了危机。在西方,“履行和约政策”和消极抵抗政策相继失败,从而把德国带到了崩溃的边缘;在东方,虽然德俄两国进行了紧密的合作,但这种合作不仅不能消除德国的危机,而且还为以后的动乱埋下了隐患。 第五章论述的是斯特莱斯曼上台后德国的东西方外交政策。鲁尔危机的发生最终使德国人明白,要从根本上摆脱战后的不利局面、恢复战前德国的大国地位,必须推行亲西方的政策,因而也就必须限制德俄关系的发展。因此,斯特莱斯曼上台后,在西方推行了英美支持下的法德和解政策,在东方则使德俄关系始终维持在《拉巴洛条约》的水平上。 结语则简要地论述了魏玛共和国初期东西方外交政策的根本任务、它和国际格局以及国内各政治力量之间的关系、它所产生的影响等问题。
[Abstract]:The Weimar Republic between the German second Reich and the third Reich embodied in many ways the continuity of German history. For example, the fundamental task of its diplomacy was to restore the politics and economy of the second Reich before the first World War. And even military status as a world power. Based on the East-West diplomacy in the early days of Weimar Republic, this paper attempts to analyze how Germany, under the predicament of defeat, has been constantly exploring the way of getting rid of isolation and seeking the path of treaty revision in the changed international structure. In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the influence factors of East-West foreign policy in the early stage of Weimar Republic from three aspects. By reviewing the history of German East-West foreign policy from 1870-1918, the historical origin of East-West foreign policy in the early period of Weimar Republic is clarified, and the political, economic, military and social situation of postwar Germany is analyzed. This paper briefly outlines the domestic factors that influence Germany's East-West foreign policy in this period, and summarizes the international environment facing Germany's East-West diplomacy in this period through the analysis of the postwar international situation and the diplomatic purposes of the East-West countries. The second chapter deals with the East-West foreign policy of Weimar Republic at the beginning of the founding of the Republic of Weimar. In the face of domestic chaos and international isolation, the German government is struggling to balance threats from both East and West in order to stabilize the fledgling republic. In the West, the German government hopes to rely on domestic pressure and British and American support to achieve the purpose of amending the treaty. In the East, Germany hopes to exert pressure on the allies through the relaxation of German-Russian relations. On the other hand, a possible alternative is reserved for later German diplomacy. The third chapter deals with the East-West foreign policy of Germany during the Wilt government. Given the failure of the previous phase, Mr Wilt developed his predecessor's East-West foreign policy after taking office. In the West, he hoped to achieve the goal of revising the treaty by means of cooperation, not confrontation, through "fulfilling the peace treaty policy." in the East, he not only normalized the political relations between Germany and Russia through the Treaty of Laballo. And indirectly brought about the progress of economic and military cooperation between Germany and Russia, thus providing more space for Germany to free itself from the bondage of the Treaty of Versailles. The fourth chapter deals with the East-West foreign policy of Germany during the Cournot government. Due to the deterioration of German domestic politics and economy and the increasingly strong French policy towards Germany, Germany's East-West foreign policy came into crisis after Cournot came to power. In the West, the policy of "fulfilling the peace treaty" and the policy of passive resistance have failed one after another, bringing Germany to the brink of collapse. In the East, although Germany and Russia have conducted close cooperation, such cooperation has not only failed to eliminate the German crisis. But also for the future unrest buried hidden dangers. The fifth chapter discusses the East-West foreign policy of Germany after Schleismann came to power. The Ruhr crisis finally made the Germans understand that in order to fundamentally get rid of the unfavorable situation after the war and restore Germany's status as a great power before the war, it was necessary to carry out pro-western policies, and therefore the development of German-Russian relations must be restricted. Therefore, when Strassman came to power, he carried out the Franco-German reconciliation policy supported by Britain and America in the West, and in the East kept German-Russian relations at the level of the Treaty of Laballo. The conclusion briefly discusses the basic task of the East-West foreign policy in the early stage of Weimar Republic, the relationship between it and the international structure and the political forces in China, and its influence.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K516.43

【引证文献】

中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前1条

1 金二威;1919-1934年期间德国与但泽问题研究[D];华东师范大学;2012年

，

本文编号：1799106