摩加迪沙之战及其对美国对外干预政策的影响

发布时间：2018-04-25 02:17

本文选题：摩加迪沙之战 + 联合国索马里维和　；参考：《渤海大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：1991年独裁者穆罕默德·西亚德·巴雷政权被推翻后，索马里爆发内战造成严重的人道主义危机，死亡人数超过25万人。联合国最初介入索马里事务，原本只是为了解决其南部严重的饥荒问题，但联合国提供的救援物资被内战中的军队攫取，到不了难民手中。据估计，若不改变这种情况，在未来的6个月中，将有50万索马里难民饿死。联合国于1992年12月3日通过第794号决议，授权以美国为首的联合国特遣队进驻索马里，以确保救灾物资能到难民手中。在这次摩加迪沙的军事行动中，美军虽然成功完成逮捕任务，却因为对艾迪德武装实力的低估，造成两架美军直升机在混乱中遭到击落，并进一步导致百余名救援与执行任务的地面部队深陷包围中无法撤离的状况。在这场被媒体称为“摩加迪沙之战”的激战中，共有18名美军与1名马来西亚战车驾驶员身亡，数十人受伤，同时索马里方面约有500至1000名民兵死亡，3000至4000名普通民众受到波及。摩加迪沙之战是克林顿政府外交上的一个分水岭，克林顿宣布外交举措失败并下令美国军队撤出索马里。1994年3月，美军已经完全撤离索马里。其余的联合国维和部队也在不到一年的时间内撤离。冷战后美国成为唯一的超级大国，四处寻找“对手”，根据自己的需要随意选择战争的目标，干预别国内部事务，奉行多边性的进攻政策。摩加迪沙之战后，美国对外干预政策大幅收缩，不再轻易言战，美国对于海外用兵更为谨慎，，采取间接干预的办法。此后的美国拒绝介入在波斯尼亚冲突和卢旺达大屠杀发生的冲突，视地面战为畏途依靠空中力量在其他如科索沃战争或打击伊拉克的军事行动中进行活动。
[Abstract]:After the overthrow of the dictator Mohamed Siad Barre's regime in 1991, the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia caused a serious humanitarian crisis, with more than 250 thousand deaths. The United Nations was initially involved in Somali affairs, originally just to solve the serious famine in the south, but the United Nations provided relief supplies by the army in the civil war. In the next 6 months, it is estimated that 500 thousand Somali refugees will starve to death in the next 6 months. The United Nations, through resolution 794th, authorized the United Nations led United Nations contingent in Somalia in December 3, 1992 to ensure that the disaster relief funds will be in the hands of the refugees.
In the military operation of the Muqdisho, the American Army successfully completed the arrest, but the underestimation of the armed forces of edisd caused two US helicopters to be knocked down in the chaos and further led to more than a hundred rescue and execution of the ground forces that could not evacuate. In the battle of Muqdisho, 18 US troops and 1 Malaysia chariot drivers were killed, dozens were injured, and about 500 to 1000 militias died in Somalia and 3000 to 4000 ordinary people were affected.
The war in Muqdisho was a watershed in the diplomacy of the Clinton administration. Clinton declared the failure of the diplomatic move and ordered the withdrawal of the United States Army out of Somalia in March.1994. The US Army had completely evacuated from Somalia. The rest of the United Nations peacekeeping forces were withdrawn within a year. The United States became the only superpower after the cold war. To find a "opponent", choose the target of war at will, interfere with the internal affairs of the country and pursue a multilateral offensive policy according to its needs. After the war in Muqdisho, the foreign intervention policy of the United States has contracted greatly, it is no longer easy to say war, the United States is more cautious and indirect intervention for overseas soldiers. After that, the United States refused to intervene in wave. The conflict in the SLA and the Rwanda massacre has taken the ground as a path to rely on air forces to carry out activities in other military operations such as the Kosovo war or the fight against Iraq.

【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D871.2;K422.5

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