英属北美高等教育研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 03:05

本文选题：英属北美 + 高等教育　；参考：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：英属北美高等教育发端于这样一种特定环境中:一方面受到欧洲移民尤其是英国移民带来的西欧传统文化的深刻影响,另一方面则受到北美殖民地新的政治、经济、宗教、文化等影响,二者相互作用,产生了美国殖民地时期独特的高等教育。英属北美高等教育的发展过程则以18世纪40年代为界,40年代以前建立的3所学院是以培养牧师为主,因而宗教在这一时期的学院发展过程中占据主导地位;从40年代到北美独立战争前夕涌现出6所新学院,虽留存了一些基本的宗教理念,但已开始迎合社会对教育的世俗性需求,教育目的和教学内容更加注重实用性。虽然英属北美高等教育从诞生之日起便移植了英国高等教育的模式,然而,殖民地人民很快就意识到,要在北美殖民地经济文化水平落后、人口分布不均的现实条件下照搬欧洲大学的传统模式是行不通的。于是勇于探索、注重实际的欧洲移民在借鉴欧洲大学传统模式的同时,并没有受传统模式的束缚,而是根据殖民地的现实条件不断创新,使这一时期的高等教育显示出鲜明的独特性,这在学院的创建动力、组织形式、管理体制、教育目的和培养目标、课程设置、经费筹集以及学生来源等方面均有表现。高等教育的发展也使得各殖民地之间文化交流日益频繁,促进了美利坚民族意识的形成和殖民地人民的民族自觉,而且为美国赢得独立培养了政治领袖和建国后领导美国人民进行政治经济建设的优秀人才。同时,英属北美高等教育在发展过程中开创的“双院制”管理模式和独立授予学位制度,为独立后美国高等教育的发展奠定了基础。受限于当时的社会环境影响,英属北美高等教育在发展过程中体现出的一些弊端和缺陷,我们也不应忽视。
[Abstract]:Higher education in British North America originated in a specific environment in which, on the one hand, it was deeply influenced by the traditional cultures of Western Europe brought by European immigrants, especially by British immigrants, and on the other hand by the new political, economic and religious conditions of the North American colonies. The influence of culture and so on, the interaction between the two produced the unique higher education in the colonial period of the United States. In the course of the development of British higher education in North America, the three colleges established before the 1840s and 1940s were mainly about the cultivation of pastors, so religion played a leading role in the development of colleges in this period. From the 1940s to the eve of the American War of Independence, six new colleges emerged. Although they retained some basic religious ideas, they began to cater to the secular needs of education, and the aims and contents of education paid more attention to practicability. Although British higher education in North America was transplanted from the day of its birth to the British model of higher education, the colonists soon realized that they were lagging behind in the economy and culture of the colonies in North America. It is not feasible to copy the traditional model of European universities under the condition of uneven population distribution. Therefore, brave to explore, practical European immigrants learn from the traditional European university model at the same time, and not constrained by the traditional model, but according to the colonial reality of continuous innovation, The higher education in this period shows its distinct uniqueness, which is manifested in the motive force, organization form, management system, educational purpose and training goal, curriculum arrangement, fund raising and student source of the college. The development of higher education also made the cultural exchanges among the colonies more and more frequent, and promoted the formation of the national consciousness of the United States and the national consciousness of the colonial people. And for the United States to win independence to train political leaders and after the founding of the American people to lead the political and economic construction of outstanding talent. At the same time, the "double House" management model and the independent degree awarding system initiated in the course of the development of British higher education in North America laid the foundation for the development of American higher education after independence. Limited by the influence of social environment at that time, some disadvantages and defects in the development of British higher education in North America should not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G649.1;K711.4

【相似文献】