戴克里先的经济改革

发布时间：2018-04-26 17:19

本文选题：罗马帝国 + 戴克里先　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：公元三世纪,罗马帝位更迭频繁,军队在皇帝废立过程中起了决定性的作用。历任皇帝都想方设法通过增加军饷和各种赠予来获取军队的支持,因而导致帝国经济负担日重、危机频发。284年,戴克里先继位。面对严重的政治和经济危机,他开始了多方面的改革。本文除引言和结语外,分五个部分论述戴克里先的经济改革。第一部分探讨了戴克里先经济改革的背景。从政治上看,帝位更迭频繁导致帝国陷入无政府状态。从经济上看,为满足战争和军队需求,历任皇帝随意征税、铸造劣值货币导致通货膨胀,使国家经济处于崩溃边缘。第二部分探讨了戴克里先税制改革的具体内容和影响。包括征税评估方式的改革、人口普查工作、年度预算征税法以及实物税、金银税的改变等。此外,对税制改革的成效和缴税总量作了初步探析,肯定了税制改革的成就。第三部分从货币重铸、货币价值重定和货币流通情况剖析了戴克里先的货币改革政策,特别强调了新货币体系的实质是建立了以铜币为基础的货币体系,并探讨了货币改革失败的原因和影响。第四部分从物价敕令颁布的原因、内容和特点、敕令失败的原因三个方面探讨了戴克里先的物价敕令,通过论述戴克里先应对通货膨胀的非常规作法,揭示了物价改革的全过程和失败的必然性。第五部分对戴克里先的经济改革进行了总体评价,在肯定其改革积极意义的同时,指出了其失败的必然性。
[Abstract]:In the third century AD, Roman emperors changed frequently, and the army played a decisive role in the emperor's abrogation. Successive emperors sought to gain support from the army by increasing their pay and various gifts, which led to a heavy burden on the imperial economy and frequent crises. In the face of a serious political and economic crisis, he embarked on a number of reforms. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper discusses Diocrien's economic reform in five parts. The first part discusses the background of Diocletian's economic reform. Politically, the frequent changes of emperors led to anarchy. From the economic point of view, in order to meet the needs of the war and the army, successive emperors collected taxes at will, forged inferior currency and caused inflation, making the national economy on the verge of collapse. The second part discusses the concrete content and influence of Diocletian tax system reform. These include tax assessment reform, census work, annual budget taxes and changes in physical taxes, gold and silver taxes. In addition, the paper makes a preliminary analysis on the effect of tax system reform and the total amount of tax paid, and affirms the achievements of tax system reform. The third part analyzes Diocletian's monetary reform policy from the aspects of currency re-establishment, monetary value revaluation and currency circulation, especially emphasizes that the essence of the new monetary system is to establish a monetary system based on copper coins The paper also discusses the causes and effects of the failure of currency reform. In the fourth part, from the reasons, contents and characteristics of the Royal decree on Price, and the reasons for the failure of the Royal decree, the author discusses the price edict of Diocrien, and discusses the unconventional ways of dealing with inflation. It reveals the whole process of price reform and the inevitability of failure. The fifth part gives a general evaluation of Dikrien's economic reform and points out the inevitability of its failure while affirming its positive significance.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K126

【参考文献】