1939-1941年德意日苏“四国联合”构想始末

发布时间：2018-04-29 10:53

本文选题：德意日苏“四国联合” + 德日苏关系　；参考：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 所谓德意日苏“四国联合”构想,是在1939年苏德互不侵犯条约签订前后,纳粹德国与法西斯日本曾经产生的一个奇妙的构想,即将苏联拉入德国、日本及意大利的法西斯阵营,结成德意日苏四国的联合,与以英国为代表的西方阵营形成对抗。这一未成现实的构想始终未得到学术界应有的关注。本文主要论述该构想的产生、发展以及破产过程,探究其失败原因和实际影响,来考察1939-1941年德日苏三国间复杂的国际政治关系。本文除导论及结语外,主体一共分为四章。第一章主要叙述德意日苏“四国联合”构想的起源。捷克斯洛伐克危机后,德国原本的目标是缔结德意日三国同盟,无奈德日同盟谈判的前景日益黯淡;苏德关系逐步缓和,苏德两国开始进行试探性的接触。1939年5月,德国彻底看清德日谈判无果的未来,正式将外交重心转向苏联;苏联也在英法苏谈判的僵局下逐步转向德国。最终,1939年8月23日苏德互不侵犯条约的签订给德日谈判和英法苏谈判带来致命打击,同时德意日苏“四国联合”构想也孕育而生。第二章主要关注苏德互不侵犯条约签订后,德国针对其他三国所展开的“四国联合”宣传。这期间“四国联合”宣传主要以缔结“反英”阵营为目的,以“轴心国与苏联的和解”为主要形式。虽然德国的宣传暂时没有达到预期效果,但在进攻西线的计划下并没有轻易退出历史舞台。另一方面,1940年6月前,苏德合作成为了维系“四国联合”可能性的唯一现实纽带。第三章主要论述法国败降后局势发展给“四国联合”构想带来的新契机。日本在南进政策的诱惑下与德意成功签订三国同盟条约,条约中德日两国就苏联问题达成共识,使三国同盟条约成为“四国联合”的前奏。同时,苏德关系的再度恶化给“四国联合”构想带来新的阻碍。不过,各国在安定与利益的驱动下,仍旧积极为“四国联合”做出相关谋划。这一情况下,莫洛托夫访德便成为重要的抉择点。第四章主要论述“四国联合”构想的挫折与破产。莫洛托夫访德暴露了苏德间难以弥合的分歧,尽管苏联最后答应了德国关于缔结“四国联合”的提议,但它提出的条件远远超过了德国的承受范围。希特勒最终抛弃了这一构想,并决定启动巴巴罗萨作战计划。斯大林与松冈洋右试图以《日苏中立条约》来挽救“四国联合”构想与苏德关系,但覆水难收,1941年6月22日苏德战争的爆发,正式宣判了“四国联合”构想的破产。文章最后总结,在各国军事外交战略和利益交织的影响下,使得德日苏间似乎存在联合的可能,但是当它们走上谈判桌,却发现彼此间利益冲突远高于利益共享。表面上看,莫洛托夫访德对苏德关系和构想发展造成了毁灭性的打击,但在这背后,却隐藏着以极权主义为特征的法西斯国家永无止尽的欲望与野心。所幸,苏德战争爆发后,遭受法西斯侵略的国家最终走到了一起,世界反法西斯同盟的建立,标志着世界历史翻开了新的篇章。
[Abstract]:The concept of the so-called "union of four countries" by Germany and Italy and Soviet Union was a wonderful idea produced by Nazi Germany and fascist Japan before and after the signing of the Treaty of Sood's non aggression in 1939. It was the union of the four countries of Germany, Japan and the fascist in Germany, Japan and Italy, formed by the Soviet Union, and the formation of the Western camp represented by the United Kingdom. This unrealistic concept has never received the attention of the academic community. This article mainly discusses the emergence, development and bankruptcy process of the concept, explores the reasons for its failure and the actual impact, to examine the complex international political relations between the three countries of Germany and Japan for the past 1939-1941 years.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body of this article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly describes the origin of the concept of "the combination of the four countries" of Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union. After the Czechoslovakia crisis, the original goal of Germany was to conclude the German Japan alliance, but the prospect of the German Japan alliance negotiations was fading day by day; the relationship between Sood and Japan was gradually eased, and Sood began to try the trial. In May of.1939, Germany made a thorough understanding of the fruitless future of German and Japanese negotiations and turned its diplomatic focus to the Soviet Union; the Soviet Union also gradually turned to Germany under the impasse of the British and French Soviet negotiations. In the end, the signing of the Sood non aggression treaty in August 23, 1939 brought a fatal blow to the negotiations between Germany and Japan and the British and French Soviet negotiations, while Germany and Italian Japan Soviet "four" The concept of "United States" is also conceived.
The second chapter mainly pays attention to the "four countries joint" propaganda launched by Germany after the signing of the Sood non aggression treaty. During this period, the "four countries" propaganda mainly aims at the conclusion of the "anti British" camp and the main form of "the reconciliation between the axis and the Soviet Union". Although the German propaganda has not achieved the desired effect for the time being, On the other hand, before June 1940, Sood became the only realistic link to maintain the possibility of the combination of four countries.
The third chapter mainly discusses the new opportunity brought about by the development of the situation of France after the defeat and fall of France. Japan has successfully signed the Three Kingdoms treaty with Germany and Italy under the temptation of the policy of South China. The Treaty of Germany and Japan reached a consensus on the Soviet problem, making the Three Kingdoms treaty a prelude to the "United States of the four countries". Meanwhile, the relationship of Sood again The worsening has brought new obstacles to the "four countries" concept. However, under the circumstances of stability and interest, all countries are still actively making a plan for the "four countries". In this case, Molotov's visit will become an important choice.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the setback and bankruptcy of the concept of the "four countries". Mr. Molotov's visit exposes the disagreement between Sood and Germany. Although the Soviet Union finally agreed to Germany's proposal to conclude the "four countries joint", the conditions of the Soviet Union were far more than Germany's acceptance. Hitler finally abandoned the idea and decided to decide. Stalin and Matsuoka You tried to save the relationship between the "four countries joint" conception and Sood's relationship with the Sino Soviet neutrality treaty, but the outbreak of the Sood war in June 22, 1941 officially declared the bankruptcy of the "four countries joint" concept.
At the end of this article, it is concluded that, under the influence of military diplomatic strategies and interests intertwined by various countries, there seems to be a possibility of union between Germany and Japan, but when they go to the negotiating table, they find that the conflict of interest is far higher than the benefit sharing. On the face of it, Molotov's visit to the relationship and development of Sood has caused a devastating blow, but Behind this, the fascist countries, characterized by totalitarianism, have never ended the endless desire and ambition. Fortunately, after the outbreak of the Sood war, the countries that suffered from fascist aggression eventually came together, and the establishment of the world anti fascist alliance marked the opening of a new chapter in the history of the world.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K152

【共引文献】