美国内战时期政府腐败现象的历史考察

发布时间：2018-04-29 11:54

本文选题：美国内战 + 政府　；参考：《辽宁大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国内战时期是美国具有独特历史背景的重要时期,通过对这段特殊历史时期所独有的政府腐败现象进行细致考察,逐步认识腐败问题的发生机制并梳理相关治理实践的发展脉络,这些无疑对于探讨整个美国的民主政治发展历程具有鲜明的启发意义。内战时期腐败现象产生从源头上可以追溯到建国初期,腐败经过长期的发展演变,尤其是在建国后的一个世纪里发展得愈演愈烈,甚至在美国相当长的一段时期内成为政治上久久不能治愈的顽疾。特别是美国在工业化、城市化和现代化的大背景下,经济领域的深刻变革要求政治领域相关配套制度的不断完善更新,而政治领域转型的相对滞后性恰恰导致了一系列政府问题的产生,特别是政府管理上种种的弊病表现的更加明显,而内战时期伴随着南北双方在战场上的较量,美国政治领域的反腐败斗争也将风起云涌。本文首先对具体的腐败问题进行了相关的概念界定和分析,然后通过对整个美国漫长时期的政府腐败历程进行回顾,梳理了殖民地时代、建国时期、内战和镀金时代以及随后时期的种种腐败现象,着重阐释美国政府腐败的发展脉络,刻意强调美国内战时期腐败现象开始转向高度流行这一骤然剧变趋势的形成是有极其深刻社会根源和历史背景的,而这并非仅仅因为突变的政治秩序动荡所引发的社会问题。在接下来的文章的核心部分着重对美国内战时期的政府腐败现象进行详细描述,然后进行较深刻地分析和挖掘。十九世纪中后期,工业资本主义开始进入高速发展期,社会面貌也随之发生迅速变化,“自由放任主义”思潮的广泛流行,社会达尔文主义、极端个人主义、享乐主义、金钱主义等腐朽的人生观和价值观使人性变得扭曲,政治上特别是由“政党分赃制”导致的封官许愿现象严重泛滥,加之“恩赐庇护”的盛行和“卖官鬻爵”等庸俗腐朽风气的推波助澜以及城市老板核心利益集团的迅速崛起都使得政府腐败现象变得日益严重,终于逐渐演变为美国的民主政治危机。内战结束以后,针对日益严重的腐败问题,政治上的一些有识之士开始了轰轰烈烈反抗政府腐败的斗争,特别是以富有正义感的中产阶级精英为主的“进步者”广泛开展了轰轰烈烈的进步主义运动,随着政治制度的变革刷新和相关反腐法律的不断健全完善,富有民主精神和自由主义传统的美利坚民族独辟蹊径,开创了一个民主政治的崭新局面。
[Abstract]:The American Civil War was an important period with a unique historical background in the United States. Through a careful investigation of the unique phenomenon of government corruption in this special historical period, Gradually understanding the occurrence mechanism of corruption and combing the development of relevant governance practice undoubtedly has a bright enlightening significance for the exploration of the development of democratic politics in the United States as a whole. The emergence of corruption in the civil war period can be traced back to the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Corruption has evolved through a long period of development, especially in the century after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Even in the United States for quite a long time became politically incurable disease. In particular, under the background of industrialization, urbanization and modernization in the United States, the profound changes in the economic field require the continuous improvement and updating of the relevant supporting systems in the political field. However, the relative lag in the transformation of the political field has led to a series of government problems, especially the more obvious maladies in government management. During the civil war, there was a battle between the north and the south on the battlefield. The fight against corruption in American politics will also surge. This paper first defines and analyzes the specific problems of corruption, and then reviews the history of government corruption throughout the long period of the United States, combing the colonial era and the founding of the people's Republic of China. All kinds of corruption in the Civil War and the gilded era and the subsequent period, especially the development of corruption in the United States government. It is deliberately emphasized that the emergence of the sudden and dramatic trend of corruption in the American Civil War has profound social roots and historical background, and this is not only because of the social problems caused by the sudden political order turbulence. In the core part of the following article, the government corruption during the American Civil War was described in detail, and then analyzed and excavated deeply. In the middle and late 19th century, industrial capitalism began to enter a period of rapid development, and the social outlook changed rapidly. The widespread trend of thought of "laissez-faire", social Darwinism, extreme individualism, hedonism, The decadent outlook on life and values, such as money doctrine, have distorted human nature, and in politics, especially in the phenomenon of "party partitioning," the phenomenon of making official wishes has been seriously overrun. In addition, the prevalence of "patronage", the vulgar and decadent ethos such as "selling official posts" and the rapid rise of core interest groups of city bosses have made the phenomenon of government corruption more and more serious. Finally, it turned into a crisis of democracy in the United States. After the end of the civil war, in response to the growing problem of corruption, some people of political insight began a vigorous struggle against government corruption. In particular, the "progressives", who are mainly middle-class elites with a sense of justice, have extensively carried out a vigorous progressive movement. With the renovation of the political system and the continuous improvement of relevant anti-corruption laws, The American nation, rich in democratic spirit and liberal tradition, created a new situation of democratic politics.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.4

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