浅释美国郊区化原因

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:35

本文选题：美国 + 郊区　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 学术界一般认为,郊区起源于十八世纪后期,是中产阶级精英所享受的特权。但在短短的200多年中,美国郊区化迅猛发展起来。早在1970年,美国人口普查就显示,郊区人口已经分别超过中心城市和乡村人口,成为美国社会生活的主体。2000年,美国人口普查进一步表明,超过50%的人口居住在郊区,使得美国成为世界上第一个真正实现郊区化的国家。郊区在美国各大城市周围如雨后春笋般发展,决定了美国城市的生态组织结构,其影响主要表现在社会和文化层面上,对地貌的影响相当有限。随着时间的推移,郊区在美国社会生活中的重要性日益凸现,成为美国物质成就和文化观念的代表。它最充分、最完整地体现了美国当代文化的潮流,表现出美国主流社会的最根本特征,即挥霍性消费、过分依赖于私人轿车等交通工具、核心家庭模式的盛行、工作与娱乐的分离,以及争相向上流动的欲望等。显然,了解和解读美国的郊区和郊区化进程,不仅有助于我们察看美国的社会变迁轨迹,而且有助于我们理解美国文化价值观的形成。郊区问题是城市化问题的一个重要分支。社会学家首开美国城市问题研究之先河,史学界紧随其后,提出了许多有关美国城市如何演变和发展的观点。从此,城市史引起了史学界的热切关注,形成了一个城市史研究热潮。郊区崛起之后,许多学者将目光投向郊区,从社会学、历史学、经济学、地理学和建筑学等领域,对郊区展开多方位研究。近年来,虽然我国学术界对美国郊区化问题给予了较大的关注,但目前为止这方面的研究成果还很零碎,不成体系,更没有关于郊区化原因的系统著作。本论文试图采用多学科的研究方法,结合历史学、地理学、社会学、经济学和人口统计学的研究方法,对美国郊区化的成因和特点问题进行了相当详细的分析和探讨。论文指出,推动美国郊区化的原因来自多方面,其中交通技术的进步提供了必要的前提,经济的飞速发展加快了工业和人口向郊区的转移,城市生活环境的恶化和郊区生活环境的优雅产生了两大互为作用的“推”“拉”力量。本论文着重分析和阐释了这三大因素,指出正是在这些因素的合力作用之下,美国郊区化才得到了持续和快速的发展。
[Abstract]:Academics generally believe that suburbs originated in the late 18 th century and are privileges enjoyed by middle-class elites. But in a short period of more than 200 years, suburbanization in the United States has developed rapidly. As early as 1970, the United States census showed that the suburban population had surpassed the urban and rural populations, respectively, and became the main part of American social life. In 2000, the United States Census further showed that more than 50 percent of the population lived in the suburbs. Making the United States the first country in the world to truly suburbanization. The development of suburbs around American cities has decided the ecological organization structure of American cities. Its influence is mainly on the social and cultural level, and the influence on landforms is quite limited. With the passage of time, the importance of suburbs in American social life has become increasingly prominent, becoming the representative of American material achievements and cultural concepts. It fully and completely reflects the trend of contemporary American culture and shows the most fundamental characteristics of the mainstream American society, namely, wasteful consumption, excessive reliance on private cars and other means of transportation, and the prevalence of the nuclear family model. The separation of work and entertainment, and the desire to flow upward. Clearly, understanding and interpreting the process of suburbanization in the United States not only helps us to observe the course of social change in the United States, but also helps us to understand the formation of American cultural values. Suburban problem is an important branch of urbanization. Sociologists pioneered the study of urban issues in the United States, followed by historians, and put forward many views on how American cities evolve and develop. Since then, urban history has aroused great concern in the field of history, forming an upsurge in the study of urban history. After the rise of the suburbs, many scholars focus on the suburbs, from the fields of sociology, history, economics, geography and architecture. In recent years, although China's academic circles have paid more attention to the suburbanization of the United States, the research results in this field are still fragmented, not systematic, and there is no systematic work on the causes of suburbanization. This paper attempts to use multi-disciplinary research methods, combined with historical, geographical, social, economic and demographic research methods, the causes and characteristics of suburbanization in the United States are analyzed and discussed in detail. The paper points out that the reasons for the suburbanization of the United States come from many aspects, among which the advancement of transportation technology provides the necessary premise, and the rapid development of economy speeds up the transfer of industry and population to the suburbs. The deterioration of urban living environment and the elegance of suburban living environment produce two forces of pushing and pulling each other. This paper focuses on the analysis and explanation of these three factors, and points out that it is under the combined action of these factors that the suburbanization of the United States has been continuously and rapidly developed.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：C912.81;K712

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