美国政府对海地革命的反应

发布时间：2018-05-01 07:16

本文选题：联邦党人政府 + 杰斐逊政府　；参考：《渤海大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：1791年海地革命爆发，作为很早就沦为欧洲大国殖民地的西印度群岛来说，这是一件具有深远意义的大事。因为位于其北面有新独立的美利坚共和国，同时其母国是启蒙思想的故乡，在民主、平等和博爱思想的启发下正进行着排山倒海般的大革命，然而圣多明各岛上还存在着最野蛮的奴隶制，因此在这一系列因素的刺激下，海地黑人聚集起来争取自由的斗争。海地爆发革命后，联邦党人政府对海地内部的冲突最初采取比较保守的孤立主义政策，继而在约翰·亚当斯政府时期执行了援助黑人势力的政策。随着杰斐逊的上台，美国转变了前任的海地政策，，从援助海地黑人力量转向敌视黑人奴隶革命，不久后，面临着拿破仑的美洲帝国野心的威胁，又转向疏远法国亲近黑人政权的政策；最后美国在国内国外形势的推动下对海地共和国采取了不承认的政策。尽管联邦党执政府和民主共和党执政府都援助过黑人起义势力，但是杰斐逊政府的海地政策的制定不仅要考虑传统的安全和利益因素，更要面对国内敏感的种族主义和奴隶制问题，这些才是美国海地政策背后的深层原因，因此联邦党与民主共和党之间关于海地政策分歧的实质是站在各自代表的利益集团的角度，根据海地岛上的军事和政治形势的演变争取最大限度的实现美国的国家利益的结果；甚至与海地之间的外交实践也奠定了美国早期拉美政策基础。
[Abstract]:The outbreak of the Haitian Revolution in 1791 was a profound event for the West Indies, an early European colony. Because to its north lies the newly independent Republic of America, and its home country is the home of the Enlightenment, inspired by the ideas of democracy, equality and fraternity, which are undergoing a sweeping revolution. Yet the most brutal slavery still exists on Santo Domingo, so black Haitians gathered together to fight for freedom. After the revolution broke out in Haiti, the federal government initially adopted a conservative isolationist policy towards the internal conflict in Haiti, and then carried out the policy of assisting the black forces during the period of John Adams administration. With Jefferson coming to power, the United States changed its predecessor's policy in Haiti from aiding the black forces in Haiti to hostile to the black slave revolution, and soon faced the threat of Napoleon's American imperial ambitions. It turned to the policy of alienating France from the black regime; finally, the United States adopted a policy of non-recognition of the Republic of Haiti under the push of the situation at home and abroad. Although both the federal government and the democratic Republican government have helped the Negro uprising, the Jefferson administration's policy in Haiti is not just about traditional security and interests. We have to face the sensitive issues of racism and slavery in our country. These are the deep reasons behind the US policy in Haiti. Therefore, the essence of the difference between the Federal Party and the Democratic Republican Party on the Haitian policy is to strive for the maximum realization of the national interests of the United States on the basis of the evolution of the military and political situation in Haitien, from the angle of the interest groups represented by them; Even diplomatic practice with Haiti laid the foundations of America's early Latin American policy.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K752.41;K712.44

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