日本近世寺子屋教育研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 05:33

本文选题：寺子屋教育 + 师匠　；参考：《南开大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 日本的寺子屋是专门为平民子弟开设的教育机关。它起源于中世,普及于江户时代,大部分寺子屋在明治时代被改组成为近代小学校。寺子屋是在太平安定的社会环境下,在商品经济发展的推动下,适应庶民阶层的需要,自发产生的教育机构,它的兴起、发展和繁荣受到了当时的政治、经济和文化等因素的影响和制约。在寺子屋教育过程中,师匠通过教育活动将知识文化和行为规范传授给新一代,使他们能够胜任其相应的社会角色。寺子屋师匠身份复杂,其中平民师匠最多。大部分寺子屋的师匠就是寺子屋的经营者,他们通过收取束惰和谢礼等学费来维持寺子屋的经营。师生关系不是建立在金钱之上,师匠的实践业绩泽惠后世,受到人们的肯定与尊重,师生关系大都和睦融洽。寺子屋教育打破了身份制度,实行男女共学,不少女孩子也因此有了受教育的机会,女师匠和女性经营者也随之诞生。寺子屋教育是蒙学教育,寺子主要学习读、写、算等基础知识。其教学内容和方法既符合社会进步和发展的需要,体现时代特征,又切合生活实际,适合寺子身心发展的特征。随着社会的发展,寺子屋的教学内容增添了地理、历史和自然等科学知识,课程设置由单一性向综合性方向发展,课程门类日渐增多,往来物教材也丰富多彩。寺子屋办学灵活多样,寺子的课余生活异彩纷呈。寺子屋教育在日本教育史上发挥了不可忽视的作用。它的发展跨越了日本三个时期:中世、近世和近代。它不仅体现了日本教育以及日本社会的变迁,而且为日本普及基础教育,提高民族文化和道德素质发挥了重要的作用,并为日本的教育近代化打下了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:The Japanese temple house is a special educational institution for the children of the common people. It originated in the Middle Age, popularized in the Edo era, most of the temple house in the Meiji era was reorganized into a modern primary school. The temple house was a spontaneous educational institution in the peaceful and stable social environment, promoted by the development of commodity economy and adapted to the needs of the ordinary people. Its rise, development and prosperity were subject to the politics of that time. Economic and cultural factors and other factors and constraints. In the process of temple house education, teachers and craftsmen pass on knowledge culture and behavior norms to the new generation through educational activities, so that they can be qualified for their corresponding social roles. The identity of the monastery house master craftsman is complex, among them the civilian division craftsman is the most. Most of the masters of the temple house are the owners of the temple house. They maintain the temple house by charging tuition fees such as idleness and thank-you. The relationship between teachers and students is not based on money. The education of the temple house broke the identity system and carried out the co-education of men and women. As a result, many girls had the opportunity to receive education, and female teachers and managers were born. Temple-house education is the education of learning, the temple mainly learn to read, write, calculate and other basic knowledge. The teaching contents and methods not only meet the needs of social progress and development, but also fit for the reality of life and the physical and mental development of monasteries. With the development of the society, the teaching contents of the temple house have added the scientific knowledge of geography, history and nature, the curriculum has developed from singularity to comprehensiveness, the categories of courses are increasing day by day, and the teaching materials are also rich and colorful. The school of the temple house is flexible and diverse, and the school life of the temple is rich and colorful. Temple house education has played an important role in the history of Japanese education. Its development spanned three periods in Japan: middle, modern and modern. It not only reflects the changes of Japanese education and Japanese society, but also plays an important role in popularizing basic education, improving national culture and moral quality, and lays a solid foundation for the modernization of Japanese education.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K313

【引证文献】