1851年以来英国的乡村城市化初探——以小城镇为视角

发布时间：2018-05-01 20:53

本文选题：英国 + 小城镇　；参考：《社会科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：工业化以来,英国启动了城市化,开始了城市发展农村衰减的漫长历史进程。英国新兴工业城市的恶劣环境,使人们怀念农村的田园生活。从19世纪下半叶起,人们开始改造城市、甚至向郊区迁移,试图寻找与享受田园式的城市生活。第二次世界大战后的城市绿带政策、新城计划,铁路网、汽车与公路,推动了人口从中心城市向郊外小城镇、新城的迁移,为城市生产生活方式向乡村和小城镇的扩展创造了条件。零星的美丽小城镇与田园城市试验,国家的立法干预、政策资金支持,使得在基础设施建设和公共服务方面的城乡差距日益缩小。于是,城市化不断向英国广阔乡村腹地的小镇和村庄推进,乡村小城镇形成了各自发展路径,塑造了各自的小镇特色。英国的乡村城镇化路径,无疑给我们提供了一定的启示。
[Abstract]:Since industrialization, Britain has started urbanization and began the long historical process of urban development and rural decay. The abominable environment of Britain's new industrial cities makes people nostalgic for rural pastoral life. From the second half of the 19th century, people began to transform cities and even migrate to the suburbs, trying to find and enjoy pastoral urban life. The post-World War II urban green belt policy, the New Town Plan, the rail network, cars and roads have helped to move people from central cities to small towns and towns outside the country. Conditions have been created for the expansion of urban production and lifestyle to rural and small towns. The gap between urban and rural areas in infrastructure construction and public services has been narrowed by sporadic experiments of beautiful small towns and rural cities, state legislative intervention and policy financial support. As a result, urbanization continued to advance to the small towns and villages in the vast rural hinterland of England, and the rural towns formed their own development paths and shaped their own small town characteristics. The path of rural urbanization in Britain undoubtedly provides us with some enlightenment.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学都市文化研究中心;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“欧洲农村城镇化进程及其借鉴意义研究”(项目编号:14JZD038)的阶段性成果上海高校高原学科建设计划上海师范大学世界史学科资助
【分类号】：K561.43

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