16-18世纪英国特许公司研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 05:15

本文选题：特许公司 + 规约公司　；参考：《东北师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：16—18世纪是英国历史发展的一个重要历史阶段,也是国内英国史研究的一个重要领域之一。16世纪以前,英国在工业、商业及对外贸易方面在欧洲并不占有绝对优势,甚至远远落后于法国及荷兰等国。为什么在16世纪以后走上了以传统的农本自然经济向高度发达的工商业经济的转型道路?为何这一时期英国的工商业、对外贸易、海军实力及综合国力均获得了长足的发展,在竞争中最终脱颖而出,成为世界贸易的主宰者,更是率先开展了工业革命,成为世界历史上第一个近代化国家,成为欧洲乃至世界强国?这里有许多引人深思的原因有待发掘。本文以16—18世纪英国特许公司,尤其是在其中起主导地位的特许贸易公司为研究对象,揭示特许公司的发展历程及其对近代早期英国社会变革与转型的推动作用。特许公司是英国政府在重商主义政策和“商业强国”号召下形成的一种商业机构,特许公司因其与政治的紧密关系而带有浓厚的政治性,这种政治性为其垄断性提供了前提。作为一种商业机构,英国特许公司在组织形式上经历了由规约公司到合股公司的发展。特许公司在追求自身利润最大化的同时,也成为英国政府推行重商主义政策和海外贸易扩张、殖民扩张的重要工具。英国是近代西方国家中特许公司发展具有代表性的国家,英国特许公司涉及到许多领域和行业。根据行文的需要,本文重点探讨特许贸易公司在近代早期英国社会商业发展中的地位与作用。选择其中的商人冒险家公司、莫斯科公司、利凡特公司和东印度公司作为个案进行分析论述。商人冒险家公司是英国最大的规约公司,莫斯科公司是英国第一个合股公司,利凡特公司因其与东印度公司的紧密关系而具有重要地位,东印度公司是英国最大的合股公司。这四个公司的上述特性使它们成为英国特许公司发展中的典型。通过对上述四个特许公司构成、贸易活动与历史作用的分析,本文试图阐明:特许公司为英国国内工业产品找到了国外销售市场,通过其进口贸易解决了国内工业发展所需要的原材料。一部分商人资本转向工业生产领域,扩大了工业资本的来源,推动了近代英国的经济变革。特许公司商人在扩大自身经济利益的同时,逐渐向政治领域进行渗透,推动政府制定有利于商业与商人发展的政策。这改变了以往官僚、贵族和绅士主导政府的政治格局,又推动了近代英国的政治转型。随着经济与政治转型的发生,人们的财富观念,政府职能等也发生相应变化,这些是英国社会出现巨变的具体体现,也是社会变革的原因之一。?
[Abstract]:The 16-18 century was an important historical stage in the development of British history, and it was also one of the important fields in the study of British history at home. Before the 16th century, Britain did not have an absolute advantage in industry, commerce and foreign trade in Europe. Even far behind countries such as France and the Netherlands. Why, after the 16th century, began the transition from the traditional agriculture-based natural economy to the highly developed industrial and commercial economy? Why did the British industry and commerce, foreign trade, naval strength and overall national strength in this period all achieved considerable development, and finally stood out in the competition, becoming the master of world trade and taking the lead in launching the industrial revolution? Become the first modern country in the history of the world, become a European and even a world power? There are many thought-provoking reasons to explore. This paper focuses on the British chartered companies in the 16-18 century, especially the chartered trading companies in which they play a leading role, to reveal the development of the concessionaires and their role in promoting the social transformation and transformation in the early modern times. Franchisor is a kind of commercial organization formed by British government under the policy of mercantilism and "commercial power". Because of its close relationship with politics, the concessionaire has a strong political nature, which provides the premise for its monopoly. As a commercial organization, British chartered company has experienced the development from statute company to joint-stock company in the form of organization. The franchisor, while pursuing its own profit maximization, has also become an important tool for the British government to carry out mercantilist policy, overseas trade expansion and colonial expansion. Britain is a representative country in modern western countries, which involves many fields and industries. According to the need of writing, this paper focuses on the status and role of chartered trading companies in the development of British society in the early modern times. The merchant adventurers, Moscow, Levant and East India were selected as case studies. Merchant adventurers is the largest regulatory company in Britain, Moscow is the first joint stock company in Britain, Levant has an important position because of its close relationship with the East India Company, which is the largest joint stock company in Britain. The above characteristics of these four companies make them typical of the development of British charters. Based on the analysis of the composition of the four concessionaires, trade activities and historical effects, this paper attempts to clarify that the concessionaires have found a foreign market for British domestic industrial products. Through its import trade, the raw materials needed for the development of domestic industry were solved. A part of merchant capital turned to the field of industrial production, expanded the source of industrial capital, and promoted the economic transformation of modern England. While expanding their economic interests, franchisees gradually infiltrate into the political field and push the government to formulate policies conducive to the development of commerce and businessmen. This changed the former bureaucracy, aristocrats and gentlemen dominated the political structure of government, and promoted the political transformation of modern England. With the economic and political transformation, people's concept of wealth, government functions and other changes have taken place. These are the concrete embodiment of the great changes in the British society, and also one of the reasons for the social change.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.4

【引证文献】