欧亚文明中的鹰隼文化与古代王权象征

发布时间：2018-05-02 12:00

本文选题：鹰隼文化 + 欧亚大陆　；参考：《历史研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：鹰是古代人类崇拜的对象,是草原民族心中的神鸟,更是欧亚大陆上古代皇室和王族所青睐的神秘力量的象征。鹰被尊为神的观念,同草原游猎文化具有密切共生关系,鹰被驯养可能不仅仅是当做狩猎的帮手,还曾成为王者的仪仗队之一。最早的鹰隼驯养术出现在中亚与小亚细亚一带是毫无疑问的,但发明者绝非国王。然而国王们沉迷于鹰隼狩猎,则是欧亚大陆上古代王国一直存在的事实,只不过这种记载在东西方文献中以不同的面貌表现出来。欧亚草原民族直接将鹰与帝王的形象联系起来,以之作为王权之象征,因而国王驯养鹰的神圣性不容置疑。然而,在以深厚的农业为根基立国的古代中华帝国儒家文明中,并没有崇拜这种"天禽"的传统,对于鹰猎,更多的是一种奢侈娱乐而非敬畏或崇拜。
[Abstract]:Eagle is the object of human worship in ancient times, the divine bird in the hearts of the grassland people, and the symbol of the mysterious power favored by the ancient royal and royal families in Eurasia. The concept of the eagle as a god has a close symbiotic relationship with the prairie hunting culture. The hawk may have been domesticated not only as a hunting helper, but also as one of the honor guards of the king. There is no doubt that the earliest domestication of hawks took place in Central Asia and Asia minor, but the inventors were not kings. But the kings' obsession with hawks is a fact that existed in the ancient kingdoms of Eurasia, but this record is shown in different ways in the literature of the East and the West. Eurasian grassland people directly linked the eagle with the image of emperors as a symbol of Wang Quan, so the sanctity of the king's domesticating eagles is beyond doubt. However, in the Confucian civilization of the ancient Chinese Empire, which was founded on deep agriculture, there was no tradition of worshipping this kind of "heavenly bird". For hawk hunting, it was more a kind of extravagant entertainment than reverence or worship.
【作者单位】：吉林省社会科学院;
【分类号】：K107

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