乌尔第三王朝贡牲中心牛羊管理官员舒勒吉阿阿牟的档案重建

发布时间：2018-05-04 11:04

本文选题：乌尔第三王朝 + 贡牲中心　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：亚述学(Assyriology)是一门研究古代两河流域及邻近地区出土文献的综合人文学科，在其分支之下还包括苏美尔学和赫梯学等等。而在苏美尔学的研究领域中对乌尔第三王朝的政治经济研究是非常重要的。乌尔第三王朝时期的是苏美尔文明中最为辉煌的时期。乌尔第三王朝的第二任国王舒勒吉（ulgi）为了其国家统治需要在其统治的第三十八年建立了一个贡牲中心，用于接受和管理各地向中央进贡的牲畜动物和其他一些物品，同时也负责向外支出牲畜动物和物品。该贡牲中心遗址位于现代伊拉克的德莱海姆（Drehem），因此我们又称之为德莱海姆贡牲中心，但在楔形文献中该机构被称为普兹瑞什达干司（é-Puzrish-Dagan）。普兹瑞什达干贡牲中心在乌尔第三王朝的经济管理体系中占有十分重要的位置。由于德莱海姆的泥板文献大多是私人挖掘、倒卖，从而导致这些文献流散到世界的不同地区，被不同的机构、学者整理和发表，这也使得国际学术界不能对其进行系统的、全面的研究。东北师范大学世界古典文明史研究所为此而开展了“乌尔第三王朝贡牲中心档案重建工程”（Drehem Project）,该工程重建了贡牲中心的各个官员的档案并进行基础性的研究，为学术界研究这一时期的政治经济提供必不可少的文献资料。本文就是这项工程中的一部分。本文重建了贡牲中心官员舒勒吉阿阿牟（ulgi-aamu）的档案。目前统计到的德莱海姆出土的舒勒吉阿阿牟的文献一共有488个。本文重建档案的方法是对舒勒吉阿阿牟的原始文献按时间顺序进行排列、原文拉丁化和中英文翻译，并进行基础性的分析。通过对其文献档案的重建和分析，我们可以得出以下结论：一、在其正式接管贡牲中心的工作之前，舒勒吉阿阿牟可能主要协助中心总管那萨和中心官员阿胡尼进行工作。其工作时间主要是舒勒吉40年6月到阿马尔辛1年1月。这段时间的文献一共有11个。二、阿马尔辛1年11月1日到阿马尔辛6年3月7日是舒勒吉阿阿牟在德莱海姆贡牲中心正式工作的时间，文献一共有473个。在这段时间里，他负责从那卡卜吞王家兽苑接管新生的牲畜,并且还从中心总管处接管牲畜；此外他还将被屠宰或者自然死亡的牲畜转交给厨房死牲官员，此时他很有可能还管理着Wadaltum颜色羊圈。除了接收、接管文献之外，舒勒吉阿阿牟还有负责支出的文献，其支出文献主要包括为神明、节日和仪式的支出，，为祖先、王室、贵族支出牺牲和供应，为外国使节、总督和头人（酋长）的支出，为部门供应以及总督责任期的支出和淘汰到厨房给士兵、信使、将军、以及奴隶等阶层来食用。三、在舒勒吉阿阿牟从贡牲中心卸任之后，仍然有零星的文献记载了他向贡牲中心的送入牲畜，其文献只有4个，但此时他已经不在贡牲中心工作了。通过舒勒吉阿阿牟档案文件的重建和分析，我们大致理清了贡牲中心的主要工作人员基本工作，中心的基本运行模式，舒勒吉阿阿牟的主要工作经历和职责，为研究贡牲中心以及乌尔王朝政治、经济、宗教和外交等活动提供了原始、可靠的文献依据，为继续深入研究苏美尔国家基本社会形式提供踏实的文献基础。
[Abstract]:Assyria (Assyriology) is a comprehensive humanities study of the ancient two river basins and adjacent areas, which include Sumerian and Hittites under its branches. In the field of Sumerian studies, it is very important for the political and Economic Research of the Uld three dynasty. The URL Third Dynasty was Sumerian. The most glorious time in civilization.
The second king of Uhl (ulgi), the second king of the Third Dynasty, built a tribute Center for the thirty-eighth years of his rule, to accept and manage livestock animals and other items to the Central Committee, and to outlay animal animals and articles. Delay Haim (Drehem) of Iraq, therefore, we call it the Draheim tribute center, but in the wedge-shaped literature the agency is called the pluses (E -Puzrish-Dagan). Plsash dung tribute center occupies a very important position in the economic management system of the Third Dynasty of Uhl. Most of them were privately excavated and sold out, which led to the dissemination of these documents to different parts of the world, by different institutions, scholars and scholars, which made the international academia unable to carry out systematic and comprehensive research on it. The Institute of classical civilization of Northeast Normal University has carried out the "Wu Third Dynasty tribute center" for this purpose. The project (Drehem Project), which reconstructs the archives of all officials in the tribute center and carries out basic research, provides essential documentation for the political and economic study of this period in the academic world. This article is part of this project.
This paper reconstructs the archives of Schuler Gia A Mu (ulgi-aamu), an official of the tribute center. There are 488 documents of Schuler Gia A Mu unearthed by dreheim. The method of rebuilding the archives is to arrange the original documents of Schuler Gia A in chronological order, the original text Latin and Chinese and English translation, and the basis of the document. Through the reconstruction and analysis of its document archives, we can draw the following conclusions: first, before he formally took over the work of the tribute center, Schuler Gia A Mu may mainly assist the central manager of nissa and the central official, A Hu, to work. The work time was mainly Shulgi's 40 year June to the 1 year of a Marcin in Afghanistan. There were 11 pieces of literature for a period of time. Two, Marcin, 1 years from November 1st to Amar Xin 6, was the time for Le Gia A Mu to work formally at the Del Heim animal center. There were a total of 473 documents. During this period, he took over the new cattle from the King's house of the kopoto, and took over the livestock from the central manager. In addition to the transfer of the slaughtered or naturally dead livestock to the kitchen dead official, he is likely to also manage the Wadaltum color circle. In addition to receiving and taking over the literature, Schuler Gia A Mu has a document for expenditure, including the expenditure of gods, festivals and ceremonies for the ancestors, the Royal family, and the aristocracy. Expenditure at the expense of the foreign envoy, the governor and the head of the head (chieftain), the expenditure of the Department supply and the governor's responsibility period and elimination to the kitchen for soldiers, messengers, generals, and slaves. Three, after the removal of Le Gia A Mu from the tribute center, there were still sporadic documents recording his delivery to the tribute center. There were only 4 papers in livestock, but he was no longer working in the Livestock Center.
Through the reconstruction and analysis of Schuler Gia A Mu's archives, we have clearly clarified the basic work of the main staff of the tribute and cattle center, the basic operation mode of the center, the main work experience and responsibility of Schuler Gia A Mu, which provided the original and reliable research on the activities of the political, economic, religious and diplomatic activities of the tribute animal center and the URL Dynasty. It provides a solid basis for further study of Sumerian basic social forms.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G271;K124

【参考文献】